{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:33:45Z","timestamp":1791916425303,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Advanced Medical Research Support Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]},{"name":"Joint research with Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL) cells express TNF receptor type-2 (TNFR2) on their surface and shed its soluble form (sTNFR2). We previously reported that sTNFR2 levels were highly elevated in the plasma of patients with acute ATL. To investigate whether its quantitation would be helpful for the diagnosis or prediction of the onset of acute ATL, we examined the plasma levels of sTNFR2 in a large number of specimens obtained from a cohort of ATL patients and asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers (ACs) and compared them to those of other candidate ATL biomarkers (sCD25, sOX40, and IL-10) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and HTLV-1 proviral loads. We observed that sTNFR2 levels were significantly elevated in acute ATL patients compared to ACs and patients with other types of ATL (chronic, smoldering, and lymphoma). Importantly, sTNFR2 levels were significantly correlated with those of sCD25, sOX40, and IL-10, as well as proviral loads. Thus, the present study confirmed that an increase in plasma sTNFR2 levels is a biomarker for the diagnosis of acute ATL. Examination of plasma sTNFR2 alone or in combination with other ATL biomarkers may be helpful for the diagnosis of acute ATL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T06:04:01Z","timestamp":1648965841000},"page":"751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Elevation of the Plasma Levels of TNF Receptor 2 in Association with Those of CD25, OX40, and IL-10 and HTLV-1 Proviral Load in Acute Adult T-Cell Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Megumi","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9707-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Mizuguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa 904-2142, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Heart Life Hospital, Nakagusuku 901-2492, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnosuke","family":"Uchihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Naha City Hospital, Naha 902-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuiku","family":"Ohshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Okinawa Prefectural Nambu Medical Center and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Naha 901-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junpei","family":"Todoroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Chubu Tokushukai Hospital, Nakagami 901-2305, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennosuke","family":"Karube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Masuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetsu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V50.3.481.481","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia: Clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases","volume":"50","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1977","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Poiesz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. 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