{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:37:45Z","timestamp":1791916665960,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19FC1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19FC1007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21fk0108124j"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21fk0108124j"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HTLV-1 uveitis (HU) is the third clinical entity to be designated as an HTLV-1-associated disease. Although HU is considered to be the second-most frequent HTLV-1-associated disease in Japan, information on HU is limited compared to that on adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Recent studies have addressed several long-standing uncertainties about HU. HTLV-1-related diseases are known to be caused mainly through vertical transmission (mother-to-child transmission), but emerging HTLV-1 infection by horizontal transmission (such as sexual transmission) has become a major problem in metropolitan areas, such as Tokyo, Japan. Investigation in Tokyo showed that horizontal transmission of HTLV-1 was responsible for HU with severe and persistent ocular inflammation. The development of ATL and HAM is known to be related to a high provirus load and hence involves a long latency period. On the other hand, factors contributing to the development of HU are poorly understood. Recent investigations revealed that severe HU occurs against a background of Graves\u2019 disease despite a low provirus load and short latency period. This review highlights the recent knowledge on HU and provides an update on the topic of HU in consideration of a recent nationwide survey.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1649803725000},"page":"794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Updates on HTLV-1 Uveitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Koju","family":"Kamoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Practical Management of Medical Information, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Uchimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Computational Biology and Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Okayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toyotaka","family":"Kawamata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Kurozumi-Karube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noe","family":"Horiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Yamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Nannya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arinobu","family":"Tojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Innovation Advancement, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Ohno-Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15525","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521629112","article-title":"The discovery of HTLV-1, the first pathogenic human retrovirus","volume":"112","author":"Coffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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