{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:02:50Z","timestamp":1760151770382,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JQ2019C005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ2019C005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["31521005, 32192453, and 32172847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31521005, 32192453, and 32172847"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, posing a severe burden for the health of both animals and humans. Many host factors are involved in the life cycle of IAV to regulate its replication. Herein, we identified sorting nexin-16 (SNX16) as a new host factor that negatively modulates the replication of IAV. When transiently overexpressed in cells, SNX16 appears to be expressed as two obvious bands. Mutagenesis analysis indicated that the amino acid residue R144 of SNX16 was responsible for its two-band expression phenotype. We found that the R144A mutation of SNX16 changed its cellular distribution in A549 cells and partially weakened the inhibitory effect of SNX16 on IAV replication. Further investigation revealed that SNX16 could negatively regulate the early stage of the replication cycle of IAV. Taken together, our results demonstrated that SNX16 is a novel restriction host factor for the replication of IAV by engaging in the early stage of IAV life cycle, and a single amino acid residue at position 144 plays an important role in the cellular distribution and anti-influenza function of SNX16.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:22:43Z","timestamp":1650414163000},"page":"825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Single Amino Acid Residue R144 of SNX16 Affects Its Ability to Inhibit the Replication of Influenza A Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3718-9620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8910-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hualan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00254-2","article-title":"Realities and enigmas of human viral influenza: Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control","volume":"20","author":"Hilleman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00031-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00031-14","article-title":"Characterization of a novel influenza virus in cattle and Swine: Proposal for a new genus in the Orthomyxoviridae family","volume":"5","author":"Hause","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3847-1","article-title":"Changes to taxonomy and the 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