{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:39:04Z","timestamp":1790753944400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-20-COV5-0005-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-COV5-0005-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to investigate the immunoglobulin G response and neutralizing activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among primary health care workers (PHCW) in France and assess the association between the neutralizing activity and several factors, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination scheme. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 10 May 2021 and 31 August 2021. Participants underwent capillary blood sampling and completed a questionnaire. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein and the S-1 portion of the spike (S) protein and neutralizing antibodies. In total, 1612 PHCW were included. The overall seroprevalences were: 23.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.6\u201325.7%) for antibodies against the N protein, 94.7% (93.6\u201395.7%) for antibodies against the S protein, and 81.3% (79.4\u201383.2%) for neutralizing antibodies. Multivariate regression analyses showed that detection of neutralizing antibodies was significantly more likely in PHCW with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than in those with no such history among the unvaccinated (odds ratio (OR) 16.57, 95% CI 5.96\u201359.36) and those vaccinated with one vaccine dose (OR 41.66, 95% CI 16.05\u2013120.78). Among PHCW vaccinated with two vaccine doses, the detection of neutralizing antibodies was not significantly associated with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.86\u20132.07), but was more likely in those that received their second vaccine dose within the three months before study entry than in those vaccinated more than three months earlier (OR 5.28, 95% CI 3.51\u20138.23). This study highlights that previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and the time since vaccination should be considered when planning booster doses and the design of COVID-19 vaccine strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T08:21:25Z","timestamp":1651652485000},"page":"957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Activity among Primary Health Care Workers 6 Months after Vaccination Rollout in France"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dorine","family":"Decarreaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France"},{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Pouquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Souty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Vilcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pol","family":"Pr\u00e9vot-Monsacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7806-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toscane","family":"Fouri\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola Mariela Saba","family":"Villarroel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7102-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"Priet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Blanch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Sebaoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Deleuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5074-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Turbelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9as","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), 69000 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Kochert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), 69000 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2194-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Grosgogeat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 d\u2019Odontologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire des Multimat\u00e9riaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"R\u00e9seau ReCOL, Association Dentaire Fran\u00e7aise, 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d\u2019Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascaline","family":"Rabiega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA, R\u00e9seau de Pharmaciens, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Laupie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R\u00e9seau ReCOL, Association Dentaire Fran\u00e7aise, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA, R\u00e9seau de Pharmaciens, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Guerrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3011-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Sant\u00e9 Publique France, 94410 Saint Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Van der Werf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Carrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 Publique, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, APHP, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hanslik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR de M\u00e9decine, 78000 Versailles, France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Interne, H\u00f4pital Ambroise Par\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7675-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remi","family":"Charrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"De Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Blanchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0799-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Falchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 Bioscope, 20250 Corte, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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