{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:13:39Z","timestamp":1787505219003,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU\u2019s H2020 SWINOSTICS","award":["771649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["771649"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Swine viral diseases challenge the sector\u2019s sustainability by affecting productivity and the health and welfare of the animals. The lack of antiviral drugs and\/or effective vaccines renders early and reliable diagnosis the basis of viral disease management, underlining the importance of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. A novel POC diagnostic device utilizing photonic integrated circuits (PICs), microfluidics, and information and communication technologies for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza A (SIV) was validated using spiked and clinical oral fluid samples. Metrics including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated to assess the performance of the device. For PRRSV, the device achieved a sensitivity of 83.5%, specificity of 77.8%, and DOR values of 17.66, whereas the values for SIV were 81.8%, 82.2%, and 20.81, respectively. The POC device and PICs can be used for the detection of PRRSV and SIV in the field, paving the way for the introduction of novel technologies in the field of animal POC diagnostics to further optimize livestock biosecurity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1652052445000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Point-of-Care and Label-Free Detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Swine Influenza Viruses Using a Microfluidic Device with Photonic Integrated Circuits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0025-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Manessis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Frant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzant\u00f3w Avenue 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1333-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Wozniakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzant\u00f3w Avenue 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolas Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lapo","family":"Nannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u2018M. 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