{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:23:34Z","timestamp":1788906214004,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)","award":["E-26\/210.268\/2019 (249260)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/210.268\/2019 (249260)"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)","award":["E-26\/201.244\/2021 (261167)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.244\/2021 (261167)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV1-4). The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and\/or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Viral and host factors are related to the clinical outcome of dengue, although the disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. The innate antiviral response to DENV is implemented by a variety of immune cells and inflammatory mediators. Blood monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and tissue macrophages are the main target cells of DENV infection. These cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Pathogen recognition is a critical step in eliciting the innate immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are responsible for the innate recognition of pathogens and represent an essential component of the innate and adaptive immune response. Ten different TLRs are described in humans, which are expressed in many different immune cells. The engagement of TLRs with viral PAMPs triggers downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, interferons (IFNs) and other molecules essential for the prevention of viral replication. Here, we summarize the crucial TLRs\u2019 roles in the antiviral innate immune response to DENV and their association with viral pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1652052445000},"page":"992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Innate Immune Response to Dengue Virus: Toll-like Receptors and Antiviral Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4984-1287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Fernandes-Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzinandes Leal de","family":"Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\u2014Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02288-0","article-title":"Epidemic dengue\/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century","volume":"10","author":"Gubler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.146","article-title":"A simple technique for demonstrating transmission of dengue virus by mosquitoes without the use of vertebrate hosts","volume":"25","author":"Gubler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. 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