{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:00:35Z","timestamp":1787500835686,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES, FIOCRUZ, Institut Merieux, and INCT-NIM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The virus responsible for COVID-19 is designated \u201csevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u201d (SARS-CoV-2), a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus. Although people of all ages are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical manifestations may vary with age. The response of neonates to SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure differs from that of children and adults. Encephalitis due to viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) and childhood multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) are some of the possible neonatal consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to verify possible neonatal neurological outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the cellular and molecular basis of the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates remains unclear, and attempts to elucidate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 involve a comparison with the mechanism of other viral diseases. There are a considerable number of case reports in the literature exploring neurological outcomes in the neonatal period. In this review, we present possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates, emphasizing the importance of monitoring this group. The mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the CNS have not yet been fully elucidated, and the potential severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates, as well as the possible short- and long-term neurological sequelae, remain unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14051037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1652608102000},"page":"1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Possible Neonatal Neurological Outcomes: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Maciel","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro\u2014UNIRIO, Rua Frei Caneca, 94-Centro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Werneck Paulino Soares","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica\u2014IDOMED, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1, Avenida Presidente Vargas, 1121-Centro, Rio de Janeiro 20071-004, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Pires","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro\u2014UNIRIO, Rua Frei Caneca, 94-Centro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena Ferreira Ribeiro","family":"de Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Biomedicina, Instituto Biom\u00e9dico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Ernani Melo, 101-S\u00e3o Domingos, Niter\u00f3i 24210-130, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Aguiar","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Medicina, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o T\u00e9cnico-Educacional Souza Marques, Avenida Ernani Cardoso, 335-Cascadura, Rio de Janeiro 20020-080, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Monteiro","family":"de Carvalho Berardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica\u2014IDOMED, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1, Avenida Presidente Vargas, 1121-Centro, Rio de Janeiro 20071-004, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Gomes","family":"Granja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo Caire","family":"de Castro-Faria-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7","article-title":"Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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