{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:27Z","timestamp":1787030127005,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32170163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32170163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021C02064-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02064-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding","award":["32170163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32170163"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding","award":["2021C02064-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02064-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnosis of virus infection can facilitate the effective control of plant viral diseases. To date, serological and molecular methods for the detection of virus infection have been widely used, but these methods have disadvantages if applied for broad-range and large-scale detection. Here, we investigated the effect of infection of several different plant RNA and DNA viruses such as cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY) and apple geminivirus on starch content in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. Analysis showed that virus infection at an early stage was generally associated with a reduction in starch accumulation. Notably, a reduction in starch accumulation was readily apparent even with a very low virus accumulation detected by RT-PCR. Furthermore, we also observed that the infection of three latent viruses in propagative apple materials was associated with a reduction in starch accumulation levels. Analysis of transcriptional expression showed that some genes encoding enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis were downregulated at the early stage of CMV, TMV, PVX and PVY infections, suggesting that virus infection interferes with starch biosynthesis in plants. Our findings suggest that assessing starch accumulation levels potentially serve as a broad-range indicator for the presence of virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1653974742000},"page":"1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Reduced Starch Level in Plants at Early Stages of Infection by Viruses Can Be Considered a Broad-Range Indicator of Virus Presence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6339-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1686-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meizi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida Bagus","family":"Andika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, R.A. 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