{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:37:20Z","timestamp":1760229440382,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Austrian Diabetes Association from NovoNordisk, Novartis, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and Boehringer Ingelheim"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study assessed the predictive performance of inflammatory, hepatic, coagulation, and cardiac biomarkers in patients with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19 in Austria. Methods: This was an analysis of a multicenter cohort study of 747 patients with diabetes mellitus or prediabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 in 11 hospitals in Austria. The primary outcome of this study was in-hospital mortality. The predictor variables included demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, comorbidities, use of medication, disease severity, and laboratory measurements of biomarkers. The association between biomarkers and in-hospital mortality was assessed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses. The predictive performance of biomarkers was assessed using discrimination and calibration. Results: In our analysis, 70.8% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 5.8% had type 1 diabetes mellitus, 14.9% had prediabetes, and 8.6% had other types of diabetes mellitus. The mean age was 70.3 \u00b1 13.3 years, and 69.3% of patients were men. A total of 19.0% of patients died in the hospital. In multiple logistic regression analysis, LDH, CRP, IL-6, PCT, AST-ALT ratio, NT-proBNP, and Troponin T were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. The discrimination of NT-proBNP was 74%, and that of Troponin T was 81%. The calibration of NT-proBNP was adequate (p = 0.302), while it was inadequate for Troponin T (p = 0.010). Conclusion: Troponin T showed excellent predictive performance, while NT-proBNP showed good predictive performance for assessing in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized with COVID-19. Therefore, these cardiac biomarkers may be used for prognostication of COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T01:43:32Z","timestamp":1655171012000},"page":"1285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biomarkers Predictive for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Austria: An Analysis of COVID-19 in Diabetes Registry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0109-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"St\u00f6cher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Br\u00e4uer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Division for Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Acute Geriatrics, Wilhelminen Hospital Vienna, 1160 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division for Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, St. Vinzenz Hospital Zams, 6511 Zams, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Clodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division for Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Br\u00fcder Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Fasching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Division for Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Acute Geriatrics, Wilhelminen Hospital Vienna, 1160 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Karolyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Medical Division with Infectiology, SMZ S\u00fcd\u2013KFJ-Hospital Vienna, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3520-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kautzky-Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division for Endocrinology and Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, AKH Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Klammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division for Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Br\u00fcder Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Malle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9947-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Aberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Pawelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Medical Division with Infectiology, SMZ S\u00fcd\u2013KFJ-Hospital Vienna, 1100 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slobodan","family":"Peric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department and Karl Landsteiner, Institute for Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Health Care Group, 1130 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caren","family":"Sourij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division for Cardiology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Stechemesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Stingl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Internal Medicine, Hospital Melk, 3390 Melk, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Stulnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department and Karl Landsteiner, Institute for Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Health Care Group, 1130 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Tripolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Internal Medicine, Hospital Melk, 3390 Melk, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division for Endocrinology and Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, AKH Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zitterl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department and Karl Landsteiner, Institute for Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Health Care Group, 1130 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Othmar","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Exercise Physiology & Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95445 Bayreuth, 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