{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:00:01Z","timestamp":1791514801604,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-67015-23067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-67015-23067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-67015-29843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-67015-29843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"OARDC, The Ohio State University","award":["2015-67015-23067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-67015-23067"]}]},{"name":"OARDC, The Ohio State University","award":["2019-67015-29843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-67015-29843"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), causing up to 100% mortality in neonatal pigs, is a highly contagious enteric disease caused by PED virus (PEDV). The highly virulent genogroup 2 (G2) PEDV emerged in 2010 and has caused huge economic losses to the pork industry globally. It was first reported in the US in 2013, caused country-wide outbreaks, and posed tremendous hardship for many pork producers in 2013\u20132014. Vaccination of pregnant sows\/gilts with live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) is the most effective strategy to induce lactogenic immunity in the sows\/gilts and provide a passive protection via the colostrum and milk to suckling piglets against PED. However, there are still no safe and effective vaccines available after about one decade of endeavor. One of the biggest concerns is the potential reversion to virulence of an LAV in the field. In this review, we summarize the status and the major obstacles in PEDV LAV development. We also discuss the function of the transcriptional regulatory sequences in PEDV transcription, contributing to recombination, and possible strategies to prevent the reversion of LAVs. This article provides insights into the rational design of a promising LAV without safety issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T22:54:52Z","timestamp":1655679292000},"page":"1317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Prevention and Control of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea: The Development of Recombination-Resistant Live Attenuated Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8238-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Letter to the editor","volume":"10","author":"Oldham","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pig Farming"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317606","article-title":"A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine","volume":"58","author":"Pensaert","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. 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