{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T07:13:19Z","timestamp":1785741199637,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than 250 million people worldwide are currently infected with hepatitis B, despite the effectiveness of vaccination and other preventive measures. In terms of treatment, new therapeutic approaches are rapidly developing, promising to achieve the elimination of infected cells and the complete cure of infection. The on-treatment monitoring of these innovative antiviral treatments will require the implementation of new virological tools. Therefore, new biomarkers are being evaluated besides the traditional virological and serological assays in order to obtain information on different steps of the viral replication cycle and to monitor response to therapy more accurately. The purpose of this work is to describe both standard and innovative tools for chronic hepatitis B treatment monitoring, and to analyse their potential and feasibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Virological Treatment Monitoring for Chronic Hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Loggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8042-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Gitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajrie","family":"Seferi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Cursaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4794-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Andreone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Medicina Interna Metabolico-Nutrizionale, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X","article-title":"Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013","volume":"386","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30204-3","article-title":"Requirements for global elimination of hepatitis B: A modelling study","volume":"16","author":"Nayagam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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