{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:43:18Z","timestamp":1760229798779,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease","award":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"]}]},{"name":"Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory","award":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"]}]},{"name":"Pasteur International Network Association","award":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"]}]},{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","award":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"]}]},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","award":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"]}]},{"name":"Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation","award":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20191205","EKPG22-30-6","INV-004923"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antigenic imprinting, which describes the bias of the antibody response due to previous immune history, can influence vaccine effectiveness. While this phenomenon has been reported for viruses such as influenza, there is little understanding of how prior immune history affects the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. This study provides evidence for antigenic imprinting through immunization with two Sarbecoviruses, the subgenus that includes SARS-CoV-2. Mice were immunized subsequently with two antigenically distinct Sarbecovirus strains, namely SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. We found that sequential heterologous immunization induced cross-reactive binding antibodies for both viruses and delayed the emergence of neutralizing antibody responses against the booster strain. Our results provide fundamental knowledge about the immune response to Sarbecovirus and important insights into the development of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines and guiding therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neutralizing Antibody Response to Sarbecovirus Is Delayed in Sequential Heterologous Immunization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2218-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huibin","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray T. Y.","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6749-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi Wen","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hejun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5470-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Chun D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garrick K.","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson W.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6469-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"},{"name":"The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Peiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"},{"name":"Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris Ka Pun","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.05.010","article-title":"Harnessing immune history to combat influenza viruses","volume":"53","author":"Guthmiller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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