{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:16:26Z","timestamp":1781727386111,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Foundation","award":["C0365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C0365"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health problem. In the majority of cases the virus is not cleared by the host immune response and progresses to chronic infection. Studies of the neutralizing antibody responses in individuals that naturally clear infection are limited. Understanding what constitutes a successful antibody response versus one that has \u2018failed\u2019 and resulted in chronic infection is important to understand what type of antibody response would need to be elicited by a protective vaccine. Samples from spontaneous clearers are difficult to obtain therefore studies are often limited. In our study through HCV Research UK, we had access to a cohort of over 200 samples. We identified the samples that contained HCV neutralizing antibodies using ELISA and HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) assays. We then utilised mutagenesis and cross-competition analysis to determine the profile of the neutralizing antibody responses. In addition, we analysed a cohort of samples from chronic infection using the same techniques to enable direct comparison of the antibody profiles observed in both cohorts. We conclude that similar profiles are present in both cohorts indicating that it is not the neutralizing antibody response per se that determines the outcome of infection. These data will provide useful information for future HCV vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"1391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Neutralizing Antibody Responses of Individuals That Spontaneously Resolve Hepatitis C Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Cowton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3945-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael E.","family":"Swann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4600-2047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvind H.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26744","article-title":"Expanded Classification of Hepatitis C Virus Into 7 Genotypes and 67 Subtypes: Updated Criteria and Genotype Assignment Web Resource","volume":"59","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80044-8","article-title":"Analysis of a successful immune response against hepatitis C virus","volume":"10","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00651.x","article-title":"Spontaneous viral clearance following acute hepatitis C infection: A systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"13","author":"Micallef","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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