{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:34:23Z","timestamp":1791581663337,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccines protect cats from serious diseases by inducing antibodies and cellular immune responses. Primary vaccinations and boosters are given according to vaccination guidelines provided by industry and veterinary organizations, based on minimal duration of immunity (DOI). For certain diseases, particularly feline panleukopenia, antibody titres correlate with protection. For feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus, a similar correlation is absent, or less clear. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) presents current knowledge and expert opinion on the use of antibody testing in different situations. Antibody testing can be performed either in diagnostic laboratories, or in veterinary practice using point of care (POC) tests, and can be applied for several purposes, such as to provide evidence that a successful immune response was induced following vaccination. In adult cats, antibody test results can inform the appropriate re-vaccination interval. In shelters, antibody testing can support the control of FPV outbreaks by identifying potentially unprotected cats. Antibody testing has also been proposed to support decisions on optimal vaccination schedules for the individual kitten. However, such testing is still expensive and it is considered impractical to monitor the decline of maternally derived antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T04:52:47Z","timestamp":1658724767000},"page":"1602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Vaccination and Antibody Testing in Cats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6852-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman","family":"Egberink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Frymus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5256-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"M\u00f6stl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7843-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane D.","family":"Addie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maison Zabal, 64470 Etchebar, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-268X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e1ndor","family":"Bel\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corine","family":"Boucraut-Baralon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scanelis Laboratory, 31770 Colomiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Hofmann-Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Marsilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Pennisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universit\u00e0 di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4059-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Tasker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK"},{"name":"Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Shirley, Solihull B90 4BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9585-7933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Thiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Li\u00e8ge University, B-4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Truyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4313-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret J.","family":"Hosie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\u2014University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) (2022, March 11). 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