{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:55:57Z","timestamp":1760230557278,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Medicina Interna and Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM19\/00223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM19\/00223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (SADs) patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain, before the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A nationwide, retrospective and observational analysis of the patients admitted during 2020, based on the ICD10 codes in the National Registry of Hospital Discharges, was performed. Among 117,694 patients, only 892 (0.8%) presented any type of SAD before COVID-19-related admission: Sjogren\u2019s Syndrome constituted 25%, Systemic Vasculitides 21%, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 19%, Sarcoidosis 17%, Systemic Sclerosis 11%, Mixed and Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease 4%, Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease 4% and Inflammatory Myopathies 2%. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher in SAD individuals (20% vs. 16%, p &lt; 0.001). After adjustment by baseline conditions, SADs were not associated with a higher mortality risk (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.78\u20131.11). Mortality in the SADs patients was determined by age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.07), heart failure (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.10\u20132.49), chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.59) and liver disease (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.13\u20133.44). In conclusion, the higher COVID-19 mortality rate seen in SADs patients hospitalized in Spain in 2020 was related to the higher burden of comorbidities, secondary to direct organ damage and sequelae of their condition. Whilst further studies should evaluate the impact of baseline immunosuppression on COVID-19 outcomes in this population, efforts should be focused on the optimal management of SAD to minimize the impact of the organ damage that has been shown to determine COVID-19 prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T01:41:16Z","timestamp":1659058876000},"page":"1631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: A Nation-Wide Registry Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Moreno-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"de Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, University CEU-San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Mellor-Pita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Urbistondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Dur\u00e1n-del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Tutor-Ureta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9-Manuel","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Comendador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0369-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5256-097X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"M\u00fa\u00f1ez-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4840-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ramos-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1189-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Castej\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan-Antonio","family":"Vargas-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28660 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"COVID-19 Excess Mortality Collaborators (2022). 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