{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T23:51:16Z","timestamp":1780789876941,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VPPIS-004-FIO-18-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPIS-004-FIO-18-32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VPPCB-003-FIO-19-2-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPCB-003-FIO-19-2-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["74101557297868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["74101557297868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.374183\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.374183\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.364759\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.364759\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VPPIS-004-FIO-18-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPIS-004-FIO-18-32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VPPCB-003-FIO-19-2-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPCB-003-FIO-19-2-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["74101557297868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["74101557297868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.374183\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.374183\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.364759\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.364759\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yellow Fever disease is caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV), an arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family. The re-emergence of Yellow Fever (YF) was facilitated by the increasing urbanization of sylvatic areas, the wide distribution of the mosquito vector, and the low percentage of people immunized in the Americas, which caused severe outbreaks in recent years, with a high mortality rate. Therefore, serological approaches capable of discerning antibodies generated from the wild-type (YFV-WT) strain between the vaccinal strain (YFV-17DD) could facilitate vaccine coverage surveillance, enabling the development of strategies to avoid new outbreaks. In this study, peptides were designed and subjected to microarray procedures with sera collected from individuals infected by WT-YFV and 17DD\u2013YFV of YFV during the Brazilian outbreak of YFV in 2017\/2018. From 222 screened peptides, around ten could potentially integrate serological approaches aiming to differentiate vaccinated individuals from naturally infected individuals. Among those peptides, one was synthesized and validated through ELISA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T01:41:16Z","timestamp":1659058876000},"page":"1645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mapping and Validation of Peptides Differentially Recognized by Antibodies from the Serum of Yellow Fever Virus-Infected or 17DD-Vaccinated Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eneida Santos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ger\u00eancia da Rede Ambulatorial Especializada, Secretaria Municipal de Sa\u00fade de Belo Horizonte, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, 2336 Afonso Pena Avenue, Belo Horizonte 301300-007, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fiocruz, 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naiara Clemente","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fiocruz, 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1526-2540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella Garcia","family":"Colombarolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fiocruz, 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"},{"name":"Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche \u201cGiulio Natta\u201d, National Research Council of Italy, 12 Alfonso Corti, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabella Cristina Andrade","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fiocruz, 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Sales","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fiocruz, 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip Louis","family":"Felgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology, University of California, Irvine 3052 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Ramiro","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology, University of California, Irvine 3052 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1406-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Calzavara-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fiocruz, 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"},{"name":"Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology, University of California, Irvine 3052 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Knipe, D.M., and Howley, P.M. (2013). Flaviviridae. Fields Virology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4023707","article-title":"Nucleotide Sequence of Yellow Fever Virus: Implications for Flavivirus Gene Expression and Evolution","volume":"229","author":"Rice","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.197770","article-title":"Flavivirus Infection\u2014A Review of Immunopathogenesis, Immunological Response, and Immunodiagnosis","volume":"274","author":"Chong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Jia, R., Shen, H., Wang, M., Yin, Z., and Cheng, A. (2017). Structures and Functions of the Envelope Glycoprotein in Flavivirus Infections. Viruses, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9110338"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1013","article-title":"Structural Changes and Functional Control of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Glycoprotein E by the Heterodimeric Association with Protein PrM","volume":"198","author":"Heinz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305892101","article-title":"Solution Structure of Dengue Virus Capsid Protein Reveals Another Fold","volume":"101","author":"Ma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1928","article-title":"Architects of Assembly: Roles of Flaviviridae Non-Structural Proteins in Virion Morphogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00719","article-title":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Flaviviruses","volume":"118","author":"Barrows","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247749","article-title":"Flavivirus NS1 Structures Reveal Surfaces for Associations with Membranes and the Immune System","volume":"343","author":"Akey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100750","article-title":"Binding of Flavivirus Nonstructural Protein NS1 to C4b Binding Protein Modulates Complement Activation","volume":"187","author":"Avirutnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, C.A., and Barrett, A.D.T. (2021). The Present and Future of Yellow Fever Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14090891"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.65.6.767","article-title":"The Effect of Prolonged Cultivation in Vitro upon the Pathogenicity of Yellow Fever Virus","volume":"65","author":"Theiler","year":"1937","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02681.x","article-title":"Human Arbovirus Infections Worlwide","volume":"951","author":"Gubler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01738-09","article-title":"Yellow Fever Virus Exhibits Slower Evolutionary Dynamics than Dengue Virus","volume":"84","author":"Sall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueiredo, P.O., Stoffella-Dutra, A.G., Costa, G.B., Oliveira, J.S., Amaral, C.D., Santos, J.D., Rocha, K.L.S., J\u00fanior, J.P.A., Nogueira, M.L., and Borges, M.A. (2020). Re-Emergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil during 2016\u20132019: Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Perspectives. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111233"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/biol.1997.0056","article-title":"Yellow Fever Vaccines","volume":"25","author":"Barrett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, and Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral de Desenvolvimento da Epidemiologia em Servi\u00e7os (Eds.) (2019). Febre Amarela. Guia de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (1999). Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica Da Febre Amarela, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Franco, O. (1969). Hist\u00f3ria Da Febre-Amarela No Brasil, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822003000200012","article-title":"Febre Amarela","volume":"36","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01079","article-title":"Distinct YFV Lineages Co-Circulated in the Central-Western and Southeastern Brazilian Regions from 2015 to 2018","volume":"10","author":"Delatorre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11280.1","article-title":"Yellow Fever in the Americas: The Growing Concern about New Epidemics","volume":"6","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1702172","article-title":"Yellow Fever\u2014Once Again on the Radar Screen in the Americas","volume":"376","author":"Paules","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezende, I.M., Sacchetto, L., Mello, \u00c9.M., Alves, P.A., Iani, F.C.M., Adelino, T.\u00c9.R., Duarte, M.M., Cury, A.L.F., Bernardes, A.F.L., and Santos, T.A. (2018). Persistence of Yellow Fever Virus Outside the Amazon Basin, Causing Epidemics in Southeast Brazil, from 2016 to 2018. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006538"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102010005000046","article-title":"Yellow Fever in Brazil: Thoughts and Hypotheses on the Emergence in Previously Free Areas","volume":"44","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-020-00237-2","article-title":"Vaccination and Therapeutics: Responding to the Changing Epidemiology of Yellow Fever","volume":"12","author":"Bifani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170134","article-title":"Genome Analysis of Yellow Fever Virus of the Ongoing Outbreak in Brazil Reveals Polymorphisms","volume":"112","author":"Bonaldo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001033","article-title":"Genomic and Structural Features of the Yellow Fever Virus from the 2016\u20132017 Brazilian Outbreak","volume":"99","author":"Abreu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D36","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1195","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"41","author":"Benson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: Improving the Sensitivity of Progressive Multiple Sequence Alignment through Sequence Weighting, Position-Specific Gap Penalties and Weight Matrix Choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W35","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn211","article-title":"PVS: A web server for protein sequence variability analysis tuned to facilitate conserved epitope discovery","volume":"36","author":"Reinherz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00095-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00095-18","article-title":"Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infection by Peptide Array and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","volume":"9","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cretich, M. (2022). Peptide Microarrays for Flavivirus Diagnosis. Peptide Microarrays, Springer Nature. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2732-7"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W24","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx346","article-title":"BepiPred-2.0: Improving Sequence-Based B-Cell Epitope Prediction Using Conformational Epitopes","volume":"45","author":"Jespersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosser, J.I., Nielsen-Saines, K., Saad, E., and Fuller, T. (2022). Reemergence of Yellow Fever Virus in Southeastern Brazil, 2017\u20132018: What Sparked the Spread?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010133"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"101","article-title":"Ecologia de Haemagogus e Sabethes (Diptera: Culicidae) Em \u00c1reas Epizo\u00f3ticas Do V\u00edrus Da Febre Amarela, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil","volume":"19","author":"Gomes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Servi\u00e7os Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.03.008","article-title":"The Flavivirus NS1 Protein: Molecular and Structural Biology, Immunology, Role in Pathogenesis and Application as a Diagnostic Biomarker","volume":"98","author":"Muller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20095-2","article-title":"Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in COVID-19 Convalescent Blood Using a Coronavirus Antigen Microarray","volume":"12","author":"Assis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200278","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760200278","article-title":"Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika and Chikungunya Epidemic Arboviruses in Brazil: Ultrastructural Aspects","volume":"115","author":"Caldas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.09.007","article-title":"Co-Infection between Zika and Different Dengue Serotypes during DENV Outbreak in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Estofolete","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.01.023","article-title":"Evaluation of Serological Cross-Reactivity between Yellow Fever and Other Flaviviruses","volume":"81","author":"Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.695","article-title":"Yellow Fever Monoclonal Antibodies: Type-Specific and Cross-Reactive Determinants Identified by Immunofluorescence","volume":"33","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/8\/1645\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:57:43Z","timestamp":1760140663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/8\/1645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["v14081645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14081645","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}}}