{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:49:58Z","timestamp":1767858598445,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul\u2014FUNDECT\/MS","award":["Grant number: n.23\/200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number: n.23\/200"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul\u2014FUNDECT\/MS","award":["07854\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07854\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul\u2014FUNDECT\/MS","award":["314908\/2021-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314908\/2021-8"]}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (Capes)\u2014","award":["Grant number: n.23\/200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number: n.23\/200"]}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (Capes)\u2014","award":["07854\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07854\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (Capes)\u2014","award":["314908\/2021-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314908\/2021-8"]}]},{"name":"onselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\/CNPq","award":["Grant number: n.23\/200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number: n.23\/200"]}]},{"name":"onselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\/CNPq","award":["07854\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07854\/2021-3"]}]},{"name":"onselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\/CNPq","award":["314908\/2021-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314908\/2021-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Higher rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been detected in prisoners when compared with the general population, but research into HIV molecular epidemiology and its transmission network has been lacking among them. Thus, this study aimed to verify potential HIV molecular transmission networks among prisoners. In addition, we aimed to describe the mutations related to antiretroviral resistance in these isolates. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional survey from 2013 to 2018 in prisons in Central-Western Brazil, and the final sampling composed of 84 prisoners. Proviral DNA was extracted from each whole blood sample followed by amplification of the partial polymerase gene and sequencing. Forty-nine sequences (58.3%) were classified as subtype B, followed by C (14.3%), D, and F1 (2.4% each). A complex and dynamic HIV-1 epidemic is observed in the prisons, as 25% of the sequences were recombinant forms. We detected 15 HIV transmission clusters composed of at least two sequences, that included not only prisoners but also individuals from the general population from the same State with a variety of risk behaviors. Thirty-two percent (32.0%) of treatment-experienced prisoners had at least one drug resistance mutation (DRM), while transmitted DRMs were found in 5.9% of the prisoners. We highlight the urgent need for routine surveillance of HIV-1 infection including resistance genotypic tests considering the high disease burden, risky behaviors inside prisons, and the dynamic relationship of prisoners with the outside community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T01:41:16Z","timestamp":1659058876000},"page":"1660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 among Prisoners in Central Brazil and Evidence of Transmission Clusters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tayana Serpa Ortiz","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Alves","family":"Cesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grazielli Rocha de","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio Moreira","family":"Puga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina Moreira dos Santos","family":"Weis-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1015-0187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa Melo","family":"Bandeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Pomp\u00edlio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande 79081-746, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8442-3427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monick Lindenmeyer","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita Coimbra","family":"Motta-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande 79081-746, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2022, January 14). 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