{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:35:37Z","timestamp":1776918937475,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFF0703600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFF0703600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus of the Narovirus genus, which is the causative agent of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). CCHF is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia, with a high case-fatality rate of up to 50% in humans. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or effective therapies available for CCHF. The GEM-PA is a safe, versatile and effective carrier system, which offers a cost-efficient, high-throughput platform for recovery and purification of subunit proteins for vaccines. In the present study, based on a GEM-PA surface display system, a GEM-PA based vaccine expressing three subunit vaccine candidates (G-GP, including G-eGN, G-eGC and G-NAb) of CCHFV was developed, displaying the ectodomains of the structural glycoproteins eGN, eGC and NAb, respectively. According to the immunological assays including indirect-ELISA, a micro-neutralization test of pseudo-virus and ELISpot, 5 \u03bcg GPBLP3 combined with Montanide ISA 201VG plus Poly (I:C) adjuvant (A-G-GP-5 \u03bcg) elicited GP-specific humoral and cellular immunity in BALB\/c mice after three vaccinations via subcutaneous injection (s.c.). The consistent data between IgG subtype and cytokine detection, ELISpot and cytokine detection indicated balanced Th1 and Th2 responses, of which G-eGN vaccines could elicit a stronger T-cell response post-vaccination, respectively. Moreover, all three vaccine candidates elicited high TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine levels in the supernatant of stimulated splenocytes in vitro. However, the neutralizing antibody (nAb) was only detected in A-G-eGC and A-G-eGC vaccination groups with the highest neutralizing titer of 128, suggesting that G-eGC could elicit a stronger humoral immune response. In conclusion, the GEM-PA surface display system could provide an efficient and convenient purification method for CCHFV subunit antigens, and the G-GP subunit vaccine candidates will be promising against CCHFV infections with excellent immunogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T01:41:16Z","timestamp":1659058876000},"page":"1664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["GEM-PA-Based Subunit Vaccines of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Induces Systemic Immune Responses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhikang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"},{"name":"Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongkun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9746-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhao","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"},{"name":"Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuicui","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Entao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiecheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, 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