{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:57:51Z","timestamp":1760230671098,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through Animal Disease Management Technology Advancement Support Program","award":["122013-2","321087-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122013-2","321087-5"]}]},{"name":"Livestock industrialization Technology Development Program funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","award":["122013-2","321087-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122013-2","321087-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious diseases in cloven hoof animals. Vaccination can prevent or control FMD, and vaccine antigens should be matched against circulating viruses. According to phylogenetic analyses, field isolates in this region belonged to genotype V and showed low genetic similarity with the Asia1 Shamir vaccine, the OIE-recommended vaccine strain. In this study, we investigated whether pigs vaccinated with the Asia1 Shamir vaccine could be protected from challenges with the Asia1\/MOG\/05 virus, one of the genotype V field isolates. Eight pigs were divided into either vaccinated or nonvaccinated control groups. After two vaccinations with Asia1 Shamir, both groups of pigs were challenged with the Asia1\/MOG\/05 field isolate at 2 weeks after the second vaccination. In the control group, symptoms appeared at 2 days post-infection (dpi). The clinical sign score peaked at 4 dpi, and this coincided with virus shedding through nasal discharge. Neutralizing antibody titers peaked at 17 dpi. In the vaccinated group, clinical signs were delayed compared with the control group, and the highest score was shown at 10 dpi accompanied with virus nasal shedding, which peaked at 11 dpi. Neutralizing antibodies were induced 2 weeks after the second vaccination and peaked at 17 dpi. In conclusion, Asia1 Shamir vaccination in pigs provided partial protection from Asia1\/MOG\/05 virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T02:12:39Z","timestamp":1659665559000},"page":"1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Vaccine Based on Asia1 Shamir of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Offers Low Levels of Protection to Pigs against Asia1\/MOG\/05, Circulating in East Asia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heeyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39510, Korea"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwi Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Seong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonsu","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(93)90016-D","article-title":"Distinctive features of foot-and-mouth disease virus, a member of the picornavirus family; aspects of virus protein synthesis, protein processing and structure","volume":"60","author":"Belsham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(03)00041-0","article-title":"The Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease","volume":"129","author":"Alexandersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32391-9","article-title":"Stimulation by heterotypic antigens of foot-and-mouth disease Virus Antibodies in Vaccinated Cattle","volume":"32","author":"Cartwright","year":"1982","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(98)80002-9","article-title":"A Recent History of Foot-and-Mouth Disease","volume":"118","author":"Kitching","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13381","article-title":"Emergence of novel lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 BD-18 (G-IX) in Bangladesh","volume":"67","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.081621","article-title":"Multiple Origins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype Asia 1 Outbreaks, 2003\u20132007","volume":"15","author":"Dizney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13112","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks due to an exotic serotype Asia 1 virus in Myanmar in 2017","volume":"66","author":"Bo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-175","article-title":"Isolation, identification and complete genome sequence analysis of a strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 from pigs in southwest of China","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"221","article-title":"Immunological Relationships of Fmd Vaccine Strain and Asia1 Field Isolate from East Asia","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108802","article-title":"Antigenic properties of a novel vaccine strain for type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease in pigs","volume":"248","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00018-09","article-title":"Innate immune defenses induced by CpG do Not promote vaccine-induced protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs","volume":"16","author":"Alves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.05.002","article-title":"Determinants of Early Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Dynamics in Pigs","volume":"131","author":"Quan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734253","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/734253","article-title":"Evolutionary analysis of structural protein gene VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia 1","volume":"2015","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108975","article-title":"Efficient protection against Asia1 type foot-and-mouth disease using a chimeric vaccine strain suitable for East Asia","volume":"253","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.7853\/kjvs.2011.34.2.103","article-title":"Analysis of protective genotype of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) Asia1 vaccine","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J. Vet. Serv."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/8\/1726\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:04:23Z","timestamp":1760141063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/8\/1726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["v14081726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14081726","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]}}}