{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T06:26:19Z","timestamp":1772519179651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81871648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871648"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81991491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81991491"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["3502Z20203023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20203023"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Projects of Xiamen","award":["81871648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871648"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Projects of Xiamen","award":["81991491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81991491"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Major Projects of Xiamen","award":["3502Z20203023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20203023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Varicella\u2013zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of varicella and herpes zoster (HZ) and can pose a significant challenge to human health globally. The initial VZV infection\u2014more common in children\u2014causes a self-limiting chicken pox. However, in later life, the latent VZV can become reactivated in these patients, causing HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a serious and painful complication. VZV glycoprotein E (gE) has been developed into a licensed subunit vaccine against HZ (Shingrix). However, its efficacy relies on the concomitant delivery of a robust adjuvant (AS01B). Here, we sought to create a new immunogen for vaccine design by displaying the VZV\u2013gE on the baculovirus surface (Bac\u2013gE). Correct localization and display of gE on the engineered baculovirus was verified by flow cytometry and immune electron microscopy. We show that Bac\u2013gE provides excellent antigenicity against VZV and induces not only stronger gE-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses but also higher levels of VZV\u2013specific neutralizing antibodies as compared with other vaccine strategies in mice. Collectively, we show that the baculovirus display of VZV\u2013gE confers ideal humoral and cellular immune responses required for HZ vaccine development, paving the way for a baculovirus-based vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T03:40:32Z","timestamp":1660621232000},"page":"1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Baculovirus Display of Varicella\u2013Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9917-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minqing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1638-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingbing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0179-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningshao","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy, P.G.E., and Gershon, A.A. 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