{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T04:57:18Z","timestamp":1782017838687,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IBM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epitopes are short amino acid sequences that define the antigen signature to which an antibody or T cell receptor binds. In light of the current pandemic, epitope analysis and prediction are paramount to improving serological testing and developing vaccines. In this paper, known epitope sequences from SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and other Coronaviridae were leveraged to identify additional antigen regions in 62K SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Additionally, we present epitope distribution across SARS-CoV-2 genomes, locate the most commonly found epitopes, and discuss where epitopes are located on proteins and how epitopes can be grouped into classes. The mutation density of different protein regions is presented using a big data approach. It was observed that there are 112 B cell and 279 T cell conserved epitopes between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, with more diverse sequences found in Nucleoprotein and Spike glycoprotein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"1837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Predicting Epitope Candidates for SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4603-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Capponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"},{"name":"NSF Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kunitomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gowri","family":"Nayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2286-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Seabolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gandhar","family":"Mahadeshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"},{"name":"NSF Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7049-7134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez-Trincado, J.L., Gomez-Perosanz, M., and Reche, P.A. 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