{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:14Z","timestamp":1787030114141,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monkeypox infection is rapidly spreading across the world. Despite the increasing number of cases, only a few reports have been published, and most are on people living without HIV. We report here the first two cases of monkeypox infection in Bahia, Brazil, one of them in a person living with HIV, on stable treatment. Both cases had a similar evolution, with a limited number of lesions and mild symptoms, with a complete recovery after 7\u201310 days. The potential route of transmission was via oral sex for the first case and was undefined for the second one. Both cases were confirmed through detection of the viral genome by PCR, and the partial sequence of the first case indicates the infection was caused by the West African clade. These cases confirm that monkeypox infection is currently being transmitted in Brazil and that people living with HIV on stable treatment are not likely to present a more severe form of monkeypox.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T02:55:34Z","timestamp":1661309734000},"page":"1841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The First Two Cases of Monkeypox Infection in MSM in Bahia, Brazil, and Viral Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Brites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPI\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Infectologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador 40110060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6132-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felice","family":"Deminco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPI\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Infectologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador 40110060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia Sampaio","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPI\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Infectologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador 40110060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Tadeu","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPI\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Infectologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador 40110060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPI\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Infectologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador 40110060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8986-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Stocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPI\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Infectologia, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador 40110060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x","article-title":"A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"46","author":"Magnus","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Path. Micro Scand."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.05.030","article-title":"Virulence differences between monkeypox virus isolates from West Africa and the Congo basin","volume":"340","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"569","article-title":"Human monkeypox","volume":"46","author":"Foster","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.4.551","article-title":"Human monkeypox: A study of 2510 contacts of 214 patients","volume":"154","author":"Jezek","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2919-2921.2002","article-title":"Outbreaks of disease suspected of being due to human monkeypox virus infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2001","volume":"40","author":"Meyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2003). Multistate outbreak of monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 2003. MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep., 52, 642\u2013646."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.07.012","article-title":"Real-time PCR assays for the specific detection of monkeypox virus West African and Congo Basin strain DNA","volume":"169","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, August 02). Disease Outbreak News; Multi-Country Monkeypox Outbreak in Non-Endemic Countries. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2022-DON385."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102395","article-title":"First report of monkeypox in a patient living with HIV from Romania","volume":"49","author":"Oprea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Sousa, D., Patroc\u00ednio, J., Frade, J., Correia, C., Borges-Costa, J., and Filipe, P. (2022). Human monkeypox coinfection with acute HIV: An exuberant presentation. Int. J. STD AIDS.","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624221114998"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102368","article-title":"Coinfection of syphilis and monkeypox in HIV positive man in Prague, Czech Republic","volume":"49","author":"Rob","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1581","article-title":"A Novel International Monkeypox Outbreak","volume":"175","author":"Adalja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1748","article-title":"Monkeypox: Avoiding the Mistakes of Past Infectious Disease Epidemics","volume":"175","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"2200471","article-title":"Monkeypox outbreak predominantly affecting men who have sex with men, Madrid, Spain, 26 April to 16 June 2022","volume":"27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951380","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2022.951380","article-title":"The Outbreak of Human Monkeypox in 2022: A Changing Epidemiology or an Impending Aftereffect of Smallpox Eradication?","volume":"3","author":"Albakri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Trop. 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