{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:11:03Z","timestamp":1792195863943,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most relevant porcine pathogens worldwide. Active control of the disease relies on modified live virus vaccines (MLVs), as most inactivated vaccines provide very limited protection. Neutralizing antibodies occur late in infection; therefore, CD8+ T cells are considered important correlates of protection and are a frequent focus of investigation. Our aim was to identify viral peptides naturally bound by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) and to confirm their ability to stimulate CD8+ T cells. For this purpose, we immunoprecipitated MHC-I\/peptide complexes of PRRSV (strain AUT15-33) -infected cells (SLA-I Lr-Hp 35.0\/24 mod) to isolate the viral epitopes and analyzed them with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS). Furthermore, we employed these identified peptides to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of previously PRRSV-infected pigs and measured the PRRSV-specific CD8+ T-cell response with an intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Our data revealed that PRRSV non-structural proteins (NSPs), encoded in open reading frame 1a and 1b (ORF1), present the major source of MHC-I-presented peptides. Additionally, we show that our identified epitopes are able to trigger IFN\u03b3 responses in vitro. These findings are a basis for understanding the proteasomal degradation of PRRSV proteins, the cellular ability to display them via MHC-I, and their potential to restimulate CD8+ T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T02:09:36Z","timestamp":1661911776000},"page":"1891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification of MHC-I-Presented Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Peptides Reveals Immunogenic Epitopes within Several Non-Structural Proteins Recognized by CD8+ T Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7929-5662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"M\u00f6tz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7996-179X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Stas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1475-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Duckova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8840-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kiesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ladinig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4349-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7703-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Saalm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"R\u00fcmenapf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01322671","article-title":"Comparison of the Structural Protein Coding Sequences of the VR-2332 and Lelystad Virus Strains of the 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