{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1789153408383,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Russian Federation","award":["121051900143-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121051900143-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza circulation was substantially reduced after March 2020 in the European region and globally due to the wide introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19. The virus, however, has been actively circulating in natural reservoirs. In summer 2021, NPIs were loosened in Russia, and influenza activity resumed shortly thereafter. Here, we summarize the epidemiological and virological data on the influenza epidemic in Russia in 2021\u20132022 obtained by the two National Influenza Centers. We demonstrate that the commonly used baseline for acute respiratory infection (ARI) is no longer sufficiently sensitive and BL for ILI incidence was more specific for early recognition of the epidemic. We also present the results of PCR detection of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses as well as antigenic and genetic analysis of influenza viruses. Influenza A(H3N2) prevailed this season with influenza B being detected at low levels at the end of the epidemic. The majority of A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically and genetically homogenous and belonged to the clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 of the vaccine strain A\/Darwin\/9\/2021 for the season 2022\u20132023. All influenza B viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage and were similar to the influenza B\/Austria\/1359417\/2021 virus. No influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B\/Yamagata lineage was isolated last season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T02:09:36Z","timestamp":1661911776000},"page":"1909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Sominina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6174-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Danilenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1733-1255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Komissarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Karpova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pisareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3558-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Fadeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Konovalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Eropkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Stolyarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Shtro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Burtseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after N.F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Lioznov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, First Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2407.171270","article-title":"Progress and Remaining Gaps in Estimating the Global Disease Burden of Influenza","volume":"24","author":"Bresee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. 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