{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:43:24Z","timestamp":1790934204352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Initiative for Research in Neglected Tropical Diseases (EFINTD)","award":["UID 85799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 85799"]}]},{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO)","award":["UID 85799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 85799"]}]},{"name":"Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations\u2014Health System Strengthening (GAVI\u2014HSS)","award":["UID 85799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 85799"]}]},{"name":"Fundo Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o (FNI)","award":["UID 85799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 85799"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation, South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID 85799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID 85799"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Norovirus (NoV) is the second most important cause of viral diarrheal disease in children worldwide after rotavirus and is estimated to be responsible for 17% of acute diarrhea in low-income countries. This study aimed to identify and report NoV genotypes in Mozambican children under the age of five years with acute diarrhea. Between May 2014 and December 2015, stool specimens were collected within the Mozambique Diarrhea National Surveillance (ViNaDia) and tested for NoV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII) using conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Partial capsid and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) nucleotide sequences were aligned using the Muscle tool, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using MEGA X. A total of 204 stool specimens were tested for NoV. The detection rate of NoV was 14.2% (29\/204). The presence of NoV was confirmed, by real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), in 24\/29 (82.8%) specimens, and NoV GII predominated (70.8%; 17\/24). NoV GII.4 Sydney 2012[P31] was the predominant genotype\/P-type combination detected (30.4%; 7\/23). This is the first study which highlights the high genetic diversity of NoV in Mozambican children and the need to establish a continuous NoV surveillance system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14092001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:15:02Z","timestamp":1663114502000},"page":"2001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Norovirus Genetic Diversity in Children under Five Years Old with Acute Diarrhea in Mozambique (2014\u20132015)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jorf\u00e9lia J.","family":"Chila\u00fale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4122-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benilde","family":"Munlela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6721-1177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Mans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor V.","family":"Mabasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8184-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson Fernando Loforte","family":"Bauhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziela","family":"Jane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elda","family":"Anapakala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Militar de Maputo (HMM), Rua Samuel D. Khumbula Maputo, Maputo 592, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3307-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idal\u00e9cia","family":"Cossa-Moiane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperan\u00e7a","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Sambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8063-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diocreciano Matias","family":"Bero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9470-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assuc\u00eanio","family":"Chissaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilsa de","family":"Deus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela n\u00b0 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Maputo 264, Mozambique"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Julius Nyerere\u2013Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Maputo 257, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen B.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix294","article-title":"Etiology of Severe Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children in the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction","volume":"216","author":"Operario","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. 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