{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T22:50:53Z","timestamp":1774392653293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFD1801405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1801405"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["2021YFD1801405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1801405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and fatal disease caused by the African swine fever virus. Recently, the multigene family and CD2v gene-deleted ASF vaccine candidate HLJ\/18-7GD was found to be safe and effective in laboratory and clinical trials. However, the immune-protective mechanisms underlying the effects of HLJ\/18-7GD remain unclear. We assessed samples from pigs immunized with a single dose of 106 TCID50 HLJ\/18-7GD. We found that pigs immunized with HLJ\/18-7GD showed high levels of specific antibodies. T lymphocyte subsets (helper T cells (Th); cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); double-positive T cells (DP-T cells)) were temporarily increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after HLJ\/18-7GD immunization. Once the HLJ\/18-7GD-immunized pigs had been challenged with virulent HLJ\/18, the percentage of Th, CTL, and DP-T cells increased significantly. PBMCs extracted from the pigs induced higher levels of CD8+ T cells after infection with the HLJ\/18 strain in vitro. The levels of GM-CSF, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1 were upregulated at 7 days post-inoculation; this finding was contrary to the results obtained after HLJ\/18 or HLJ\/18\u0394CD2v infection. The immune protection from HLJ\/18-7GD resulted from many synergies, which could provide a theoretical basis for HLJ\/18-7GD as a safe and effective ASF vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14092003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:15:02Z","timestamp":1663114502000},"page":"2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Host Responses to Live-Attenuated ASFV (HLJ\/18\u20137GD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenggang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1035-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Decheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigao","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xijun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13047","article-title":"Summer 2018: African swine fever virus hits north-western Europe","volume":"66","author":"Linden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound. 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