{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T07:32:53Z","timestamp":1766820773376,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M3A9H4079660","2021R1A6A1A03045495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M3A9H4079660","2021R1A6A1A03045495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chungnam National University","award":["2018M3A9H4079660","2021R1A6A1A03045495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M3A9H4079660","2021R1A6A1A03045495"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is mainly characterized by blister formation (vesicles) in animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). However, the molecular basis of the blister formation in FMD is still unknown. BP180 is one of the main anchoring proteins connecting the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin. Previous studies have shown that the cleavage of BP180 by proteases produced by the inflammatory cells and the resulting skin loosening are major causes of the blister formation in bullous pemphigoid (BP) disease. Similar to BP, here we have demonstrated that, among the FMDV-encoded proteases, only FMDV 3Cpro contributes to the cleavage of BP180 at multiple sites, consequently inducing the degradation of BP180, leading to skin loosening. Additionally, we confirmed that FMDV 3Cpro interacts directly with BP180 and the FMDV 3Cpro C142T mutant, known to have reduced protease activity, is less effective for BP180 degradation than wild-type FMDV 3Cpro. In conclusion, for the first time, our results demonstrate the function of FMDV 3Cpro on the connective-tissue protein BP180 associated with blister formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14092060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1663718889000},"page":"2060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3Cpro Cleaves BP180 to Induce Blister Formation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2388-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pathum","family":"Ekanayaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-5450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asela","family":"Weerawardhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiramage","family":"Chathuranga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Hyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5119-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(93)90016-D","article-title":"Distinctive features of foot-and-mouth disease virus, a member of the picornavirus family; aspects of virus protein synthesis, protein processing and structure","volume":"60","author":"Belsham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog. 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