{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:39:08Z","timestamp":1771663148327,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of clinically relevant mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome has been a matter of great debate because of the possibility of escape from the host\u2019s immune system, the potential to cause more severe progression of liver diseases and the emergence of treatment-resistant variants. Here we characterized the circulating variants of HBV in Rond\u00f4nia State, in the north of Brazil. Serum samples of 62 chronic HBV carriers were subjected to PCR assays and clinical data were collected. Mutations and genotypes were characterized through direct sequencing. The findings show the presence of subgenotypes A1 (54.83%, 34\/62), D3 (16.13%, 10\/62), F2 (16.13%, 10\/62), A2 (4.84%, 3\/62), D2 (3.23%, 2\/62), D1 (1.61%, 1\/62), D4 (1.61%, 1\/62) and F4 (1.61%, 1\/62). Deletions in the pre-S2 region were found in 13.79% (8\/58) of the samples, mutations in the S gene in 59.68% (37\/62) and RT mutations in 48.39% (30\/62). We found a variable genotypic distribution in different locations and important mutations related to immune escape and drug resistance in Western Amazonia, which contributed to genetic surveillance and provided important information to help control the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T04:07:07Z","timestamp":1663906027000},"page":"2100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genomic Variability of Hepatitis B Virus Circulating in Brazilian Western Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e1rcio Peixoto","family":"Roca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014FIOCRUZ\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-8969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia Melo","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Souza","family":"Nogueira Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014FIOCRUZ\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Pinheiro Alves","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014CEPEM\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourdes Maria Pinheiro","family":"Borzacov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014CEPEM\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eug\u00eania de Castro e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014CEPEM\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9173-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara Vieira do","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayara Torquato Lima da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Structural Bioengineering, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luan Felipo","family":"Botelho Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Aparicio Carvalho University Center, Porto Velho 76811-678, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Miguel Villalobos","family":"Salcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014FIOCRUZ\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014CEPEM\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9476-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alcione de Oliveira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Aparicio Carvalho University Center, Porto Velho 76811-678, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deusilene Souza","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014FIOCRUZ\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014CEPEM\/RO, Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology, Federal University of Rond\u00f4nia\u2014PGBIOEXP\/UNIR, Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022, May 18). 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