{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:50:29Z","timestamp":1777492229703,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["CNPq\u2014process number 141723\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq\u2014process number 141723\/2018-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid and disorderly urbanization in the Amazon has resulted in the insertion of forest fragments into cities, causing the circulation of arboviruses, which can involve hematophagous arthropods and free-ranging birds in the transmission cycles in urban environments. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of arboviruses in free-ranging birds and hematophagous arthropods captured in an Environmental Protection Area in the Belem metropolitan area, Brazil. Birds were captured using mist nets, and hematophagous arthropods were collected using a human protected attraction technique and light traps. The birds\u2019 sera were subjected to a hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies against 29 arbovirus antigens. Arthropod macerates were inoculated into C6\/36 and VERO cell cultures to attempt viral isolation and were tested using indirect immunofluorescence, subsequent genetic sequencing and submitted for phylogenetic analysis. Four bird sera were positive for arbovirus, and one batch of Psorophora ferox was positive for Flavivirus on viral isolation and indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, the Ilheus virus was detected in the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The presence of antibodies in sera from free-ranging birds and the isolation of Ilheus virus in Psorophora ferox indicate the circulation of arboviruses in forest remnants in the urban center of Belem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T04:07:07Z","timestamp":1663906027000},"page":"2101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Arboviruses in Free-Ranging Birds and Hematophagous Arthropods (Diptera, Nematocera) from Forest Remnants and Urbanized Areas of an Environmental Protection Area in the Amazon Biome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4803-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Alves","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliane Leal Das","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franko","family":"de Arruda e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eder Barros dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6667-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannifer Oliveira","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim Pinto Nunes","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Durval Bertram Rodrigues","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Wilson Rosa","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana Vieira Pinto","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Nazar\u00e9 Oliveira","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maissa Maia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamilla Augusta de Sousa","family":"Pantoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erc\u00edlia de Jesus","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Landeson Junior Leopoldino","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro Patroca","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carine Fortes","family":"Arag\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4607-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cecilia Ribeiro","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8578-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvia Medeiros Neves","family":"Casseb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizandra Caroline dos Santos","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana D\u2019Arc Pereira","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erilene Cristina Da Silva","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of Par\u00e1 State (LACEN-PA), Boulevard Augusto Montenegro, 524, Guajar\u00e1 Park, Belem 66823-010, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Nelson Souza","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Animal Production Institute, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Boulevard Pres. Tancredo Neves, 2501, Terra Firme, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre do Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Casseb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Animal Production Institute, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Boulevard Pres. Tancredo Neves, 2501, Terra Firme, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9400-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvia Car\u00edcio","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, BR 316, km 07, s\/n, Levil\u00e2ndia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Le\u00e3o, R.N.Q., Bichara, C.N.C., Miranda, E.C.B.M., Carneiro, I.C.R.S., Oliveira, M.R.F., Abdon, N.P., Vasconcelos, P.F.C., Silva, B.M., Paes, A.L.V., and Marsola, L.R. (1997). Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias: Enfoque Amaz\u00f4nico, CEJUP."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Arbov\u00edrus: Importante Zoonose na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira","volume":"20","author":"Casseb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170014","article-title":"Clinical and serological tests for arboviruses in free-living pigeons (Columba livia)","volume":"122","author":"Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Domingo, E., Parish, C.R., and Holland, J.J. (2008). Arbovirus evolution. Origin and Evolution of Viruses, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Santos, C.A.C. (2017). Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbov\u00edrus Em Mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) Capturados em Tr\u00eas \u00c1reas de Floresta no Estado de Rond\u00f4nia, Universidade Federal de Rond\u00f4nia."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Ferreira, G.M. (2018). Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de Testes Moleculares Para a Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de Pat\u00f3genos em Artr\u00f3podes, Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2432","article-title":"Patterns, drivers and challenges of vector-borne disease emergence","volume":"20","author":"Swei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"115","article-title":"Anti-arbovirus antibodies seroprevalence of public health importance in wild birds, Brazil, 2007\u20132008","volume":"13","author":"Lima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ci. Anim. Bra."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, P.A., Freitas, M.O., Chiang, J.O., Silva, F.A., Chagas, L.L., Casseb, S.M., Silva, S.P., Nunes-Neto, J.P., Rosa-Junior, J.W., and Nascimento, B.S. (2019). Investigation about the occurrence of transmission cycles of arbovirus in the tropical forest, amazon region. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090774"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"250","article-title":"Febre do Nilo Ocidental","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Cubas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tratado de Animais Selvagens Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000700025","article-title":"Inadequate management of natural ecosystem in the Brazilian Amazon region results in the emergence and reemergence of arboviruses","volume":"17","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cad. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170361","article-title":"Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil: The puzzle of rapid spread and challenges for immunization","volume":"113","author":"Possas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consoli, R.A.G.B., and Oliveira, R.L. (1994). Principais Mosquitos de Import\u00e2ncia Sanit\u00e1ria no Brasil, Fiocruz.","DOI":"10.7476\/9788575412909"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"358","article-title":"Efeito da fragmenta\u00e7\u00e3o e isolamento florestal nas \u00e1reas verdes da regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Bel\u00e9m","volume":"63","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pesq. Bot\u00e2nica"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2021, November 10). Instituto de Desenvolvimento Florestal e da Biodiversidade do Estado do Par\u00e1 (IDEFLOR-BIO). Regi\u00e3o Administrativa de Bel\u00e9m, Available online: Ideflorbio.pa.gov.br\/unidades-de-conservacao\/regiao-administrativa-belem\/."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Arbovirus Catalog (ARBOCAT) (2020, March 03). Division of Vector-Borne Diseases. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Available online: www.n.cdc.gov\/arbocat\/."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"37","article-title":"Situa\u00e7\u00e3o das arboviruses na regi\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nica","volume":"2","author":"Pinheiro","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev. FSESP"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651991000600007","article-title":"Epidemiologia das encefalites por arbov\u00edrus na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira","volume":"33","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Gwynne, J.A., Roberts, S.R., Tudor, G., and Argel, M. (2010). Aves do Brasil: Pantanal e Cerrado, Comstock Publishing Associates."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Sigrist, T. (2014). Avifauna Brasileira. Guia de Campo Avis Brasilis, Avis Brasilis. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2019, January 13). Enciclop\u00e9dia de Aves do Brasil (Wiki Aves). Available online: www.wikiaves.com.br."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Merlin\u00ae Bird, I.D. (2014). Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Comit\u00ea Brasileiro de Registros Ornitol\u00f3gicos (2019, April 04). Lista de Aves do Brasil, 11th ed. Available online: www.cbro.org.br."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Brasil (2022, September 08). Guia Para o Planejamento das A\u00e7\u00f5es de Captura de Anofelinos Pela T\u00e9cnica de Atra\u00e7\u00e3o Por Humano Protegido (TAHP) e Acompanhamento dos Riscos \u00e0 Sa\u00fade do Profissional Capturador, Available online: Bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/publicacoes\/guia_planejamento_acoes_captura_anofelinos_tecnica_atracao_humano_protegido.pdf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1958.7.561","article-title":"Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition with arthropod-borne virus","volume":"7","author":"Clarke","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"167","article-title":"The use of hemagglutination-inhibition test follow antibody response after arthropod-borne virus infection in a community of forest animals","volume":"11","author":"Shope","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-40-3-531","article-title":"Isolation of a Singh\u2019s Aedes albopictus cell clone sensitive to Dengue and Chikungunya viruses","volume":"40","author":"Igarashi","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-132-34285","article-title":"Biological characteristics and viral susceptibility of an African Green Monkey Kidney cell line (VERO)","volume":"132","author":"Rhim","year":"1962","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.158","article-title":"Mosquito cell cultures and specific monoclonal antibodies in surveillance for Dengue viruses","volume":"33","author":"Gubler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176","article-title":"Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND","volume":"12","author":"Bunchfink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interactive metagenomic visualization in a Web browser","volume":"12","author":"Ondoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts611","article-title":"SortMeRNA: Fast and accurate filtering of ribosomal RNAs in metatranscriptomic data","volume":"28","author":"Kapylova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts174","article-title":"IDBA-UD: A de novo assembler for single-cell and metagenomic sequencing data with highly uneven depth","volume":"28","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.12.2607","article-title":"GeneMarkS: A self-training method for prediction of gene starts in microbial genomes. Implication for finding sequence motifs in regulatory regions","volume":"29","author":"Besemer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2496(02)00028-7","article-title":"Tutorial in maximum likelihood estimation","volume":"47","author":"Myung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Math. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2307\/2408678","article-title":"Confidence limits on Phylogenies: An approach using Bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aves como hospedeiras de arbov\u00edrus na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bol. Mus. Para. Em\u00edlio Goeldi Zool"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"2","article-title":"Flavivirus infection in wild birds from Brazilian Amazon","volume":"4","author":"Lopes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entomol. Ornithol. Herpetol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Farias, M.A. (2019). Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Entomofaun\u00edstica e Pesquisa de Arbov\u00edrus na \u00c1rea de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental da Ilha do Comb\u00fa, Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado, Instituto Evandro Chagas."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2015.18","article-title":"Factors responsible for the emergence of arbovirus; strategies, challenges and limitation for their control","volume":"4","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800172-1.00005-7","article-title":"Arboviruses pathogenic for domestic and wild animals","volume":"89","author":"Rudolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20200515","article-title":"Study of arboviruses in Philander opossum, Didelphis marsupialis and Nectomys rattus captured from forest fragments in the municipality of Belem, Par\u00e1, Brazil","volume":"51","author":"Bernal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cienc. Rural"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Barros, L.J.L. (2020). Estudo Sobre a Circula\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbov\u00edrus em Animais Silvestres e Sentinelas na \u00c1rea de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental da Ilha do Comb\u00fa, Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1. [Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado, Universidade Estadual do Par\u00e1]."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-118-29862","article-title":"Icoaraci, a new virus related to Naples phlebotomus fever virus (29862)","volume":"118","author":"Causey","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009001200006","article-title":"Eco-epidemiologia dos arbov\u00edrus na \u00e1rea de influ\u00eancia da rodovia Cuiab\u00e1-Santar\u00e9m (BR 163), estado do Par\u00e1, Brasil","volume":"25","author":"Nunes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cad. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Travassos da Rosa, A.P.A., Vasconcelos, P.F.C., and Travassos da Rosa, J.F.S. (1998). Arboviruses isolated in the Evandro Chagas Institute, including some described for the first time in the Brazilian Amazon region, their know hosts and their pathology for man. An Overview of Arbovirology in Brazil and Neighbouring Countries, Santo Ant\u00f4nio."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Travassos da Rosa, A.P.A., Vasconcelos, P.F.C., and Travassos da Rosa, J.F.S. (1998). Evolutionary aspects of the ecology of arboviruses in the Brazilian Amazon, South America. An Overview of Arbovirology in Brazil and Neighbouring Countries, Santo Ant\u00f4nio."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000724","article-title":"Characterization of the Bujaru, Frijoles and Tapar\u00e1 antigenic complexes into the sandfly fever group and two unclassified phleboviruses from Brazil","volume":"98","author":"Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050918","article-title":"Taxonomy of phleboviruses emphasizing those that are sandfly-borne","volume":"13","author":"Calisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3390\/v11111029","article-title":"Silent circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis virus among humans and equids, Southeast, Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Rodrigues, S.G., Azevedo, R.S.S., Martins, L.C., Nunes, M.R.T., Ara\u00fajo, G.C.B., Monteiro, H.A.O., Segura, M.N.O., Travassos da Rosa, E.S., Travassos da Rosa, J.F.S., and Vasconcelos, H.B. (2020, August 27). Estudo eco Epidemiol\u00f3gico na \u00e1rea do Projeto Salobo, Marab\u00e1, Par\u00e1: Isolamento e Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Amostras de Arbov\u00edrus, Proceedings of the 3\u00b0 Simp\u00f3sio Internacional de Arbov\u00edrus e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Available online: http:\/\/patua.iec.gov.br\/handle\/iec\/1180."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-8-1867","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of flaviviruses correlate with their epidemiology, disease association and biogeography","volume":"82","author":"Gaunt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moureau, G., Cook, S., Leney, F., Nougairede, A., Forrester, N.L., Khasnatinav, M., Charrel, R.N., Firth, A.E., Gould, E.A., and De Lamballeire, X. (2015). New insights into Flavivirus evolution taxonomy and biogeography history, extended by analysis of canonical and alternative sequences. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117849"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Sousa, A.W. (2015). Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o Taxon\u00f4mica de Isolados Virais Obtidos a Partir de Mosquitos da Esp\u00e9cie Psorophora Ferox e de Roedores da Esp\u00e9cie Metachirus Opossum Coletados no Estado do Par\u00e1, Brasil. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de Mestrado, Instituto Evandro Chagas."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Freitas, M.N.O. (2016). Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Sorol\u00f3gica Para Arbov\u00edrus em Vertebrados Silvestres da Regi\u00e3o de Caraj\u00e1s, de 2012 a 2015. Trabalho de Conclus\u00e3o de Curso, Faculdade Integrada Brasil Amaz\u00f4nia."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.55.1.61","article-title":"The virus of Ilh\u00e9us encephalitis; isolation, serological specificity and transmission","volume":"55","author":"Laemmert","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz031","article-title":"Detection of Ilheus virus in mosquitoes from Southeast Amazon, Brazil","volume":"113","author":"Vieira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12417","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilheus and Saint Louis encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever surveillance in non-human primates (Allouata caraya) in Southeast Brazil","volume":"48","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Primatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milhim, B.H.G.A., Estofolete, C.F., Rocha, L.C., Liso, E., Brienze, V.M.S., Vasilakis, N., Terzian, A.C.B., and Nogueira, M.L. (2020). Fatal outcome of Ilheus virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of patient diagnosed with encephalitis. Viruses, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12090957"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(62)90074-3","article-title":"Isolation of Ilheus virus from human beings in Trinidad, West Indies","volume":"56","author":"Spence","year":"1962","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1967.16.516","article-title":"The isolation of Ilheus virus from man in Panama","volume":"16","author":"Srihongse","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"6","article-title":"Ilheus virus isolate from a human, Ecuador","volume":"13","author":"Jonhson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1159\/000150550","article-title":"Ilheus virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) is closely related to Japanese encephalitis virus complex","volume":"40","author":"Cruz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37675","DOI":"10.34117\/bjdv7n4-300","article-title":"Ilheus virus: Emerging arbovirus review","volume":"7","author":"Reis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Dev."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/10\/2101\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:37:28Z","timestamp":1760143048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/10\/2101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["v14102101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14102101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]}}}