{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:15:25Z","timestamp":1793268925076,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Control of NTDs in Central Africa project"},{"name":"OCEAC"},{"name":"German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue and chikungunya are now widely distributed in Cameroon, but there is still not enough information on their prevalence in different epidemiological settings. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in both urban and rural settings in Cameroon using three diagnostic tools. From December 2019 to September 2021, willing febrile (temperature &gt;38 \u00b0C) outpatients visiting four healthcare facilities in the cities of Yaound\u00e9 and Dizangu\u00e9 were screened for dengue, and chikungunya. Clinical features of patient were recorded in a form, and their blood samples were analysed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR), rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA). Odds ratios were used to determine the level of association between socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and infection status. The Kappa coefficient permitted to assess the level of agreement between RDTs and ELISA. Overall, 301 febrile patients were recruited in the study: 198 in Yaound\u00e9 and 103 in Dizangu\u00e9. The prevalence of infection varied with the diagnostic tool used. For dengue diagnostics, 110 patients were positive to rtRT-PCR: 90 (45.45%) in Yaound\u00e9, and 20 (19.42%) in Dizangu\u00e9. The prevalence of dengue IgM using ELISA varied from 22.3% in Dizangu\u00e9 to 30.8% in Yaound\u00e9. Dengue IgM rate using RDTs was 7.6% in Yaound\u00e9 and 3.9% in Dizangu\u00e9. For chikungunya, one (0.5%) patient (Yaound\u00e9, suburb) was positive to rtRT-PCR. The prevalence of chikungunya IgM according to ELISA varied from 18.4% in Dizangu\u00e9 to 21.7% in Yaound\u00e9, while it was 4.5% in Yaound\u00e9 and 12.6% in Dizangu\u00e9 with RDTs. Only abdominal and retro-orbital pains were significantly associated with acute dengue infection. All four dengue serotypes were recorded, with a predominance of DENV-3 (35.45%) and DENV-4 (25.45%). Rapid Diagnostic Tests for either chikungunya or dengue displayed very poor sensitivity. This study further confirms the high endemicity of both dengue and chikungunya in Yaound\u00e9 and Dizangu\u00e9. These data stress the need for active surveillance and the implementation of vector control measures to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks across the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T04:09:36Z","timestamp":1664424576000},"page":"2127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Assessment of Dengue and Chikungunya Infections among Febrile Patients Visiting Four Healthcare Centres in Yaound\u00e9 and Dizangu\u00e9, Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Stella Mariette","family":"Nana-Ndjangwo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 337, Cameroon"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche de Yaound\u00e9 (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 288, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borel","family":"Djiappi-Tchamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche de Yaound\u00e9 (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 288, Cameroon"},{"name":"Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Mony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 337, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9275-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"Demanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, IST West Africa, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7019, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Keumezeu-Tsafack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche de Yaound\u00e9 (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 288, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Douala, Douala P.O. Box 24157, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9031-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Bamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche de Yaound\u00e9 (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 288, Cameroon"},{"name":"Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 067, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parfait","family":"Awono-Ambene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche de Yaound\u00e9 (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 288, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles F\u00e9lix","family":"Bilong Bilong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 337, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Antonio-Nkondjio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche de Yaound\u00e9 (IRY), Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les End\u00e9mies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 288, Cameroon"},{"name":"Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47458","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47458","article-title":"Mapping the Emerging Burden of Dengue","volume":"8","author":"Brady","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2460","article-title":"Dengue: A Continuing Global Threat","volume":"8","author":"Guzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Managing Epidemics: Key Facts about Major Deadly Diseases, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"WHO\/TDR (2009). 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