{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:31:48Z","timestamp":1785461508502,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22fk0108125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0108125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a retrovirus, causes adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, HTLV-1 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis, and HTLV-1 uveitis. Currently, no antiretroviral therapies or vaccines are available for HTLV-1 infection. This study aimed to develop an antibody against the HTLV-1 envelope protein (Env) and apply it to a near-infrared photoimmuno-antimicrobial strategy (NIR-PIAS) to eliminate HTLV-1 infected cells. We established mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HTLV-1 Env by immunization with a complex of liposome and the recombinant protein. Detailed epitope mapping revealed that one of the mAbs bound to the proline-rich region of gp46 and exhibited no obvious neutralizing activity to inhibit viral infection. Instead, the mAb was rarely internalized intracellularly and remained on the cell surface of HTLV-1-infected cells. The antibody conjugated to the photosensitive dye IRDye700Dx recognized HTLV-1 infected cells and killed them following NIR irradiation. These results suggest that the novel mAb and NIR-PIAS could be developed as a new targeted therapeutic tool against HTLV-1 infected cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T01:43:01Z","timestamp":1664502181000},"page":"2153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting HTLV-1 Envelope gp46 Glycoprotein and Its Application to Near-Infrared Photoimmuno-Antimicrobial Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1034-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuyoshi","family":"Hatayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaro","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"},{"name":"Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara 259-1146, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundararaj Stanleyraj","family":"Jeremiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Miyakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuko","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayoi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8229-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Mitsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato 105-8461, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadayuki","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Minato 105-8461, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa 272-8516, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7678-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Takaori-Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihide","family":"Ryo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6476","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6476","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia: Antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera","volume":"78","author":"Hinuma","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. 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