{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:19:47Z","timestamp":1791933587133,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IPD"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the epidemiology of measles and rubella infections in Senegal based on data from twelve consecutive years of laboratory-based surveillance (2010\u20132021) and conducted phylogenetic analyses of circulating measles viruses. Sera from measles-suspected cases were collected and tested for measles and rubella-specific IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Throat swabs were collected from patients with clinically diagnosed measles for confirmation by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral genotyping. Among 8082 laboratory-tested specimens from measles-suspected cases, serological evidence of measles and rubella infection was confirmed in 1303\/8082 (16.1%) and 465\/6714 (6.9%), respectively. The incidence of rubella is now low\u20140.8 (95% CI 0.4\u20131.3) cases per million people in 2021\u2014whereas progress towards measles pre-elimination targets (&lt;1.0 case per million people per year) appears to have stalled; there were 10.8 (95% CI 9.3\u201312.5) cases per million people in 2021. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all Senegalese measles strains belonged to genotype B3. The rubella virus sequence obtained in this study was consistent with genotype 1C. Our national surveillance data suggest that despite their low incidence both measles and rubella remain endemic in Senegal with a concerning stagnation in the decline of measles infections that represents a significant challenge to the goal of regional elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"2273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Measles and Rubella Incidence and Molecular Epidemiology in Senegal: Temporal and Regional Trends during Twelve Years of National Surveillance, 2010\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamadou Malado","family":"Jallow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bacary Djilocalisse","family":"Sadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Pedapa","family":"Mendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6890-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amary","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davy","family":"Kiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndiend\u00e9 Koba","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yague","family":"Diaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9borah","family":"Goudiaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boly","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et Riposte Vaccinale du Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de L\u2019action Sociale, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mbayame Ndiaye","family":"Niang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J. A.","family":"Fitchett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4051-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ndongo","family":"Dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60107-X","article-title":"Has the 2005 measles mortality reduction goal been achieved? 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