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HBV infects around 257 million individuals worldwide. Hepatitis B in many individuals ultimately develops hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The innate immunity acts as the first line of defense against HBV infection through activating antiviral genes. Along with the immune responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines are triggered to enhance the antiviral responses, but this may result in acute or chronic liver inflammation, especially when the clearance of virus is unsuccessful. To a degree, the host innate immune and inflammatory responses dominate the HBV infection and liver pathogenesis. Thus, it is crucial to figure out the signaling pathways involved in the activation of antiviral factors and inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review the interplay between HBV and the signal pathways that mediates innate immune responses and inflammation. In addition, we summarize current therapeutic strategies for HBV infection via modulating innate immunity or inflammation. Characterizing the mechanisms that underlie these HBV-host interplays might provide new approaches for the cure of chronic HBV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"2275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Innate Immunity, Inflammation, and Intervention in HBV Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ge","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoru","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Suhaib","family":"Qudus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute, The First People\u2019s Hospital, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongkui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00552","article-title":"Liver, Tumor and viral hepatitis: Key players in the complex balance between tolerance and Immune Activation","volume":"11","author":"Sallberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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