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In Brazil, imported cases have been reported since June 2014 through two independent introductions, one caused by Asian Lineage in Oiapoque, Amap\u00e1 state, North Region, and another caused by East\/Central\/South African (ECSA) in Feira de Santana, Bahia state, Northeast Region. Moreover, there is still limited information about the genomic epidemiology of the CHIKV from surveillance studies. The Tocantins state, located in Northern Brazil, reported an increase in the number of CHIKV cases at the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. Thus, to better understand the dispersion dynamics of this viral pathogen in the state, we generated 27 near-complete CHIKV genome sequences from four cities, obtained from clinical samples. Our results showed that the newly CHIKV genomes from Tocantins belonged to the ECSA lineage. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that Tocantins\u2019 strains formed a single well-supported clade, which appear to be closely related to isolates from the Rio Grande do Norte state (Northeast Brazil) and the Rio de Janeiro state (Southeast Brazil), that experienced an explosive ECSA epidemic between 2016\u20132019. Mutation analyses showed eleven frequent non-synonymous mutations in the structural and non-structural proteins, indicating the autochthonous transmission of the CHIKV in the state. None of the genomes recovered within the Tocantins samples carry the A226V mutation in the E1 protein associated with increased transmission in A. albopictus. The study presented here highlights the importance of continued genomic surveillance to provide information not only on recording mutations along the viral genome but as a molecular surveillance tool to trace virus spread within the country, to predict events of likely occurrence of new infections, and, as such, contribute to an improved public health service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T11:53:55Z","timestamp":1666612435000},"page":"2311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Genomic Epidemiology Reveals the Circulation of the Chikungunya Virus East\/Central\/South African Lineage in Tocantins State, North Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1442-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ueric Jos\u00e9 Borges de","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil"},{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Tocantins, Palmas 77054-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00edssa Nunes dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Giovanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flavivirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University of Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos Junior","family":"Alcantara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flavivirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jucim\u00e1ria Dantas","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Tocantins, Palmas 77054-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0559-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franciano Dias Pereira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Tocantins, Palmas 77054-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feliph C\u00e1ssio Sobrinho","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-7661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Michel","family":"Roehe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bergmann Morais","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5804-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Rosado","family":"Spilki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5948-472X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Souza","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Brazil"},{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70107-X","article-title":"Chikungunya, an Epidemic Arbovirosis","volume":"7","author":"Pialoux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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