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Methods: In this study, we constructed a picture of the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 in a Brazilian population of almost 17000 patients in 15 months. We specifically studied the fluctuations of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to COVID-19 over time according to host gender, age, viral load, and genetic variants. Results: As the main results, we observed that the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths due to COVID-19 fluctuated over time and that men were the most affected by deaths, as well as those of 60 or more years old. We also observed that individuals between 30- and 44-years old were the most affected by COVID-19 cases. In addition, the viral loads in the patients\u2019 nasopharynx were higher in the early symptomatic period. We found that early pandemic SARS-CoV-2 lineages were replaced by the variant of concern (VOC) P.1 (Gamma) in the second half of the study period, which led to a significant increase in the number of deaths. Conclusions: The results presented in this study are helpful for future formulations of efficient public policies of COVID-19 containment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T11:53:55Z","timestamp":1666612435000},"page":"2314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Early Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Replacement with the Variant of Concern P.1 (Gamma) in Western Bahia, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Josilene R.","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther C.","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica P.","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayanna M. C.","family":"Foga\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia de S.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itana Vivian R.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Luiza S.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paloma O.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael da C.","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47805, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson B.","family":"Luiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1015-2561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Birbrair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5180-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato S.","family":"de Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"D\u2019Or Institute of Research, Rio de Janeiro 22281, RJ, 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