{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:25:48Z","timestamp":1760232348769,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (MIUR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FISR2020IP_04639","D15D18000410001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FISR2020IP_04639","D15D18000410001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"\u201cDipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018\u20132022\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FISR2020IP_04639","D15D18000410001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FISR2020IP_04639","D15D18000410001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic hepatitis (CH) of dysmetabolic or viral etiology has been associated with poor prognosis in patients who experienced the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection. We aimed to explore the impact of SARS-Cov-2 infection on disease severity in a group of patients with CH. Forty-two patients with CH of different etiology were enrolled (median age, 56 years; male gender, 59%). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were measured in plasma samples of all patients by ELISA and in the liver tissue of a subgroup of 15 patients by Western blot. Overall, 13 patients (31%) experienced SARS-Cov-2 infection: 2\/15 (15%) had CHB, 5\/12 (39%) had CHC, and 6\/15 (46%) had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Compared to viral CH patients, NAFLD subjects showed higher circulating ACE2 levels (p = 0.0019). Similarly, hepatic expression of ACE2 was higher in subjects who underwent SARS-Cov-2 infection compared to the counterpart, (3.24 \u00b1 1.49 vs. 1.49 \u00b1 1.32, p = 0.032). Conversely, hepatic TMPRSS2 was significantly lower in patients who experienced symptomatic COVID-19 disease compared to asymptomatic patients (p = 0.0038). Further studies are necessary to understand the impact of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T10:47:57Z","timestamp":1667126877000},"page":"2397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of SARS-Cov-2 Entry Factors in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Rosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Demelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2164-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7611-6099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lorena","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6904-7638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Vernero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0529-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Paolo","family":"Caviglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9028-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daphne","family":"D\u2019Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7245-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Armandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, 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Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0327-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Olivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Nicolosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6753-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Zannetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3438-0649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinaldo","family":"Pellicano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Citt\u00e0 della salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10121 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4188-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Ciancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio Maria","family":"Saracco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, 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