{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:35:36Z","timestamp":1773275736550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HV22C0062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HV22C0062"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["S3040186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S3040186"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups, Republic of Korea","award":["HV22C0062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HV22C0062"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups, Republic of Korea","award":["S3040186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S3040186"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on 3-month immune response and durability after natural infection by the Omicron variant and to assess the immune response to a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with prior natural infection with the Omicron variant. Overall, 86 patients aged \u226560 years with different vaccination histories and 39 health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated thrice before Omicron infection were enrolled. The sVNT50 titer was significantly lower in patients with incomplete vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection with the S clade (p &lt; 0.001), Delta variant (p &lt; 0.001), or Omicron variant (p = 0.003) than in those vaccinated thrice. The sVNT results against the Omicron variant did not differ significantly in patients aged \u226560 years (p = 0.49) and HCWs (p = 0.17), regardless of the recipient receiving the fourth dose 2 months after COVID-19. Incomplete COVID-19 vaccination before Omicron infection for individuals aged \u226560 years conferred limited protection against homologous and heterologous virus strains, whereas two or three doses of the vaccine provided cross-variant humoral immunity against Omicron infection for at least 3 months. However, a fourth dose 2 months after Omicron infection did not enhance immunity against the homologous strain. A future strategy using the bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine with appropriate timing will be crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:10:46Z","timestamp":1667790646000},"page":"2458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of Previous COVID-19 Vaccination on Humoral Immunity 3 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection and Booster Effect of a Fourth COVID-19 Vaccination 2 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jinsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeonji","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Wool","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3359-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongbum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Joo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Kyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, August 10). 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