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The need for HIV-1 remission and cure arises due to the inability of ART to eradicate the major reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells (the latent reservoir), and the strict adherence to lifelong treatment. To measure the efficacy of these cure interventions on reservoir size and to dissect reservoir dynamics, assays that are sensitive and specific to intact proviruses are critical. In this review, we provided a broad overview of some of the key interventions underway to purge the reservoir in adults living with HIV-1 and ones under study in pediatric populations to reduce and control the latent reservoir, primarily focusing on very early treatment in combination with broadly neutralizing antibodies. We also summarized assays currently in use to measure HIV-1 reservoirs and their feasibility and considerations for studies in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T02:25:36Z","timestamp":1669256736000},"page":"2608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Advances in Pediatric HIV-1 Cure Therapies and Reservoir Assays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5688-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Khetan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adit","family":"Dhummakupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Persaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2022, August 08). Global HIV and AIDS Statistics Fact Sheet 2022. Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/387188a0","article-title":"Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy","volume":"387","author":"Perelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707233170401","article-title":"The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. 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