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Previous reports have shown that\u2014in contrast to prototypical icosahedral viruses\u2014alphaviruses incorporate frequent defects, and these may serve important functions in the viral life cycle. We confirm the genus-wide pleomorphism in live viral particles and extend our understanding of alphavirus assembly through the discovery of an alternate architecture of Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) particles. The alternate T = 3 icosahedral architecture differs in triangulation number from the classic T = 4 icosahedral organization that typifies alphaviruses, but the alternate architecture maintains the quasi-equivalence relationship of asymmetric units. The fusion spike glycoproteins are more loosely apposed in the T = 3 form with corresponding changes in the underlying capsid protein lattice. This alternate architecture could potentially be exploited in engineering alphavirus-based particles for delivery of alphaviral or other RNA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1669609876000},"page":"2650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Alphavirus Particles Can Assemble with an Alternate Triangulation Number"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9426-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason T.","family":"Kaelber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wah","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9048-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert J.","family":"Auguste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"},{"name":"Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1962.027.001.005","article-title":"Physical principles in the construction of regular viruses","volume":"27","author":"Caspar","year":"1962","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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