{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:33:00Z","timestamp":1791498780492,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1122506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1122506"]}]},{"name":"The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1128276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1128276"]}]},{"name":"The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["2002948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2002948"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy disrupts maternal and fetal health through biological mechanisms, which are to date poorly characterised. During pregnancy, the viral clearance mechanisms from the lung are sub-optimal and involve hyperactive innate and adaptive immune responses that generate wide-spread inflammation. Pregnancy-related adaptations of the immune and the cardiovascular systems appear to result in delayed recovery post-viral infection, which in turn promotes a prolonged inflammatory phenotype, increasing disease severity, and causing maternal and fetal health problems. This has immediate and long-term consequences for the mother and fetus, with complications including acute cardiopulmonary distress syndrome in the mother that lead to perinatal complications such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and birth defects; cleft lip, cleft palate, neural tube defects and congenital heart defects. In addition, an increased risk of long-term neurological disorders including schizophrenia in the offspring is reported. In this review we discuss the pathophysiology of IAV infection during pregnancy and its striking similarity to other well-established complications of pregnancy such as preeclampsia. We discuss general features of vascular disease with a focus on vascular inflammation and define the \u201cVascular Storm\u201d that is triggered by influenza infection during pregnancy, as a pivotal disease mechanism for short and long term cardiovascular complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T03:27:57Z","timestamp":1670383677000},"page":"2729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Influenza Virus Infection during Pregnancy as a Trigger of Acute and Chronic Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Osezua","family":"Oseghale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Vlahos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, DO8 XW7X Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Sir Patrick Dun\u2019s Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"CERVIVA Research Consortium, Trinity College Dublin, DO8 XW7X Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert D.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9098-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doug A.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Liong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-7615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Selemidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2019). 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