{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:31:49Z","timestamp":1790605909099,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cleveland Zoo and Zoo Society, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Global Challenges Fund, Henry Doorly Zoo, Lee Richardson Zoo, Little Fireface Project, Mohamed bin al Zayed Species Conservation Fund","award":["152511813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["152511813"]}]},{"name":"Cleveland Zoo and Zoo Society, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Global Challenges Fund, Henry Doorly Zoo, Lee Richardson Zoo, Little Fireface Project, Mohamed bin al Zayed Species Conservation Fund","award":["151005\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151005\/2021-4"]}]},{"name":"Moody Gardens Zoo, Naturzoo Rhein, Paradise Wildlife Park, People\u2019s Trust for Endangered Species, Sacramento Zoo, Shaldon Wildlife Trust, and ZGAP","award":["152511813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["152511813"]}]},{"name":"Moody Gardens Zoo, Naturzoo Rhein, Paradise Wildlife Park, People\u2019s Trust for Endangered Species, Sacramento Zoo, Shaldon Wildlife Trust, and ZGAP","award":["151005\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151005\/2021-4"]}]},{"name":"Oxford Brookes University Research Excellence Award","award":["152511813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["152511813"]}]},{"name":"Oxford Brookes University Research Excellence Award","award":["151005\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151005\/2021-4"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["152511813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["152511813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["151005\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["151005\/2021-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Southeast Asia is considered a global hotspot of emerging zoonotic diseases. There, wildlife is commonly traded under poor sanitary conditions in open markets; these markets have been considered \u2018the perfect storm\u2019 for zoonotic disease transmission. We assessed the potential of wildlife trade in spreading viral diseases by quantifying the number of wild animals of four mammalian orders (Rodentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora and Primates) on sale in 14 Indonesian wildlife markets and identifying zoonotic viruses potentially hosted by these animals. We constructed a network analysis to visualize the animals that are traded alongside each other that may carry similar viruses. We recorded 6725 wild animals of at least 15 species on sale. Cities and markets with larger human population and number of stalls, respectively, offered more individuals for sale. Eight out of 15 animal taxa recorded are hosts of 17 zoonotic virus species, nine of which can infect more than one species as a host. The network analysis showed that long-tailed macaque has the greatest potential for spreading viral diseases, since it is simultaneously the most traded species, sold in 13\/14 markets, and a potential host for nine viruses. It is traded alongside pig-tailed macaques in three markets, with which it shares six viruses in common (Cowpox, Dengue, Hepatitis E, Herpes B, Simian foamy, and Simian retrovirus type D). Short-nosed fruit bats and large flying foxes are potential hosts of Nipah virus and are also sold in large quantities in 10\/14 markets. This study highlights the need for better surveillance and sanitary conditions to avoid the negative health impacts of unregulated wildlife markets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T03:36:09Z","timestamp":1670816169000},"page":"2756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Risk of Viral Infectious Diseases from Live Bats, Primates, Rodents and Carnivores for Sale in Indonesian Wildlife Markets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Q.","family":"Morcatty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula E. R.","family":"Pereyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Ave., Bento Gon\u00e7alves 90010-150, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ardiansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK"},{"name":"Little Fireface Project, Cipaganti 44163, Indonesia"},{"name":"Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2371-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Imron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gajah Madah, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0839-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Hedger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Little Fireface Project, Cipaganti 44163, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2643-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Campera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Little Fireface Project, Cipaganti 44163, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0FL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5523-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Anne-Isola","family":"Nekaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK"},{"name":"Little Fireface Project, Cipaganti 44163, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Nijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02759","article-title":"The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases","volume":"430","author":"Morens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2008.110","article-title":"Pricing infectious disease: The economic and health implications of infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"Fonkwo","year":"2008","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0888","article-title":"Risk Factors for Human Disease Emergence","volume":"356","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philos. 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