{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:53:15Z","timestamp":1792806795645,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]],"date-time":"2022-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CIIViM, School of Medicine","award":["PAICYT 171-CS-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAICYT 171-CS-2022"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL)","award":["PAICYT 171-CS-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAICYT 171-CS-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01fh86n78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer induced by a viral infection is among the leading causes of cancer. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic oncogenic positive-sense RNA virus that leads to chronic infection, exposing the liver to a continuous process of damage and regeneration and promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. The virus promotes the development of carcinogenesis through indirect and direct molecular mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis, genetic alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) showed sustained virologic response in 95% of cases. Nevertheless, patients treated with DAAs have reported an unexpected increase in the early incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies suggest that HCV induces epigenetic regulation through non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling, which modify gene expressions and induce genomic instability related to HCC development that persists with the infection\u2019s clearance. The need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of carcinogenesis is evident. The aim of this review was to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the development of carcinogenesis before, during, and after the viral infection\u2019s resolution, and how these pathways were regulated by the virus, to find control points that can be used as potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T03:36:09Z","timestamp":1670816169000},"page":"2762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in HCV-Induced Carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tania Guadalupe","family":"Heredia-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rosa","family":"Rinc\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBMMTG, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Gen\u00f3mica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia Amelia","family":"Lozano-Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3495-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kame","family":"Galan-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2707-9754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Arellanos-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisela","family":"Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora de Jes\u00fas","family":"Garza-Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2311-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Rivas-Estilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","article-title":"Global Burden of Cancer Attributable to Infections in 2018: A Worldwide Incidence Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Georges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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