{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:39:20Z","timestamp":1760233160660,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Mart\u00ednez Escudero","award":["KLI-1076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLI-1076"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["KLI-1076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLI-1076"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People with diabetes have an increased risk of experiencing adverse COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccination is, therefore, highly recommended. However, people with diabetes have an inherently elevated risk of thrombotic events and the impact of the vaccination on the coagulation system in this patient population remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the haemostatic system in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of COVID-19 vaccination (BioNTech Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca) on standard coagulation parameters, whole blood coagulation (Thrombelastometry), platelet function (impedance aggregation), and thrombin generation (calibrated automated thrombography) in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 41) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 37). Blood sampling points were prior to vaccination and two weeks after the respective vaccination. Thrombelastometry measurements indicated moderately increased clot formation post-vaccination in people with type 1, as well as with type 2, diabetes: \u201cClot formation times\u201d were significantly shorter, and both \u201cmaximum clot firmness\u201d and \u201calpha angles\u201d were significantly higher, as compared to the respective pre-vaccination values. Therefore, TEM parameters were not altered after vaccination in patients receiving ASA. Moreover, platelet aggregation was enhanced in people with type 1 diabetes, and plasma levels of D-Dimer were increased in people with type 2 diabetes, following COVID-19 vaccination. All other standard coagulation parameters, as well as thrombin generation, were not affected by the vaccination. The coagulation responses of people with diabetes to COVID-19 vaccination were only subclinical and comparable to those observed in healthy individuals. Our findings suggest that people with diabetes do not face an increased activation of the coagulation post-vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T01:32:53Z","timestamp":1671586373000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Only Subclinical Alterations in the Haemostatic System of People with Diabetes after COVID-19 Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5494-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margret","family":"Paar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Centre for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caren","family":"Sourij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert J.","family":"Tripolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Kojzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Pferschy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7663-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Obermayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Banfic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Di Geronimo Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Centre for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6704-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nandu","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Centre for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Schlagenhauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-7859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"K\u00f6stenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4988-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"B\u00e4rnthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Centre for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8149-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andelko","family":"Hrzenjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7171-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willibald","family":"Wonisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Centre for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Reibnegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Centre for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard B.","family":"Raggam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Angiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-9594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Sourij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Cvirn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Centre for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7133e1","article-title":"Summary of Guidance for Minimizing the Impact of COVID-19 on Individual Persons, Communities, and Health Care Systems\u2014United States, August 2022","volume":"71","author":"Massetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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