{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:52:36Z","timestamp":1769633556402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/201.075\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.075\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["306702\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306702\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["16030509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16030509"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["E-26\/201.075\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.075\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["306702\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306702\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["16030509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16030509"]}]},{"name":"INOVA-Fiocruz","award":["E-26\/201.075\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.075\/2022"]}]},{"name":"INOVA-Fiocruz","award":["306702\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306702\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"INOVA-Fiocruz","award":["16030509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16030509"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transmission of dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) has been continuously increasing worldwide. An efficient arbovirus surveillance system is critical to designing early-warning systems to increase preparedness of future outbreaks in endemic countries. The Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising high throughput technique to detect arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti with remarkable advantages such as cost and time effectiveness, reagent-free, and non-invasive nature over existing molecular tools for similar purposes, enabling timely decision making through rapid detection of potential disease. Our aim was to determine whether NIRS can differentiate Ae. aegypti females infected with either ZIKV or DENV single infection, and those coinfected with ZIKV\/DENV from uninfected ones. Using 200 Ae. aegypti females reared and infected in laboratory conditions, the training model differentiated mosquitoes into the four treatments with 100% accuracy. DENV-, ZIKV-, and ZIKV\/DENV-coinfected mosquitoes that were used to validate the model could be correctly classified into their actual infection group with a predictive accuracy of 100%, 84%, and 80%, respectively. When compared with mosquitoes from the uninfected group, the three infected groups were predicted as belonging to the infected group with 100%, 97%, and 100% accuracy for DENV-infected, ZIKV-infected, and the co-infected group, respectively. Preliminary lab-based results are encouraging and indicate that NIRS should be tested in field settings to evaluate its potential role to monitor natural infection in field-caught mosquitoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T01:32:53Z","timestamp":1671586373000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rapid and Non-Invasive Detection of Aedes aegypti Co-Infected with Zika and Dengue Viruses Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gabriela A.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton R.","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"Spectroscopy and Data Consultants Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4035, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilha M. B.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tharanga N.","family":"Kariyawasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1241-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana R.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinair","family":"Couto-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"T\u00e1tila-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5699-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio G.","family":"Pavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maggy T.","family":"Sikulu-Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Maciel-de-Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011019-024918","article-title":"The Global Expansion of Dengue: How Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes Enabled the First Pandemic Arbovirus","volume":"65","author":"Brady","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. 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