{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:57:30Z","timestamp":1790650650307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM130950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM130950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA-831472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA-831472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002590","name":"American Lung Association Innovation Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM130950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM130950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002590","name":"American Lung Association Innovation Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA-831472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA-831472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant threat to infants and elderly individuals globally. Currently, there are no effective therapies or treatments for RSV infection because of an insufficient understanding of the RSV viral machinery. In this study, we investigated the effects of the template variations on RNA synthesis by the RSV polymerase through in vitro RNA synthesis assays. We confirmed the previously reported back-priming activity of the RSV polymerase, which is likely due to the secondary structure of the RNA template. We found that the expansion of the hairpin loop size of the RNA template abolishes the RSV polymerase back-priming activity. At the same time, it seemingly does not affect the de novo RNA synthesis activities of the RSV polymerase. Interestingly, our results show that the RSV polymerase also has a new primer-based terminal extension activity that adds nucleotides to the template and primer in a nonspecific manner. We also mapped the impact of the RNA 5\u2032 chemical group on its mobility in a urea-denaturing RNA gel shift assay. Overall, these results enhance our knowledge about the RNA synthesis processes of the RSV polymerase and may guide future therapeutic efforts to develop effective antiviral drugs for RSV treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:58:01Z","timestamp":1672117081000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of Template Variations on RNA Synthesis by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Polymerase"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inesh","family":"Gooneratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristopher","family":"Mera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Vy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Royal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bozun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambika","family":"Manjunath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5617-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Knipe, D.M., and Howley, P.M. 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