{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T14:21:30Z","timestamp":1782051690023,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian Council for Scientific Research (CNPq)","award":["311095\/2020-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311095\/2020-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Initial diagnosis of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections is mainly based by detecting antibodies in plasma or serum using laboratory-based methods. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid screening test for HTLV-I antibodies. Our rapid screening test uses HTLV-I p24 antigen conjugated to gold nanoparticles and an anti-human IgG antibody immobilized to a nitrocellulose strip to detect human HTLV-I p24-specific IgG antibodies via immunochromatography. Performance of the rapid screening test for HTLV-I was conducted on a total of 118 serum specimens collected in Salvador, Bahia, the epicenter for HTLV-1 infection in Brazil. Using a Western blot test as the comparator, 55 serum specimens were HTLV-I positive, 5 were HTLV-I and HTLV-II positive, and 58 were negative. The sensitivity of the rapid screening test for HTLV-1 was 96.7% and the specificity was 100%. The rapid screening test did not show cross-reaction with serum specimens from individuals with potentially interfering infections including those caused by HTLV-II, HIV-I, HIV-II, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein\u2013Barr virus, SARS-CoV-2, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium falciparum. The rapid screening test also did not show cross-reaction with potentially interfering substances. Strategies for HTLV diagnosis in non- and high-endemic areas can be improved with low-cost, rapid screening tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:12:48Z","timestamp":1672625568000},"page":"129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development and Validation of a Rapid Screening Test for HTLV-I IgG Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2438-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bobby Brooke","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Mayoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Brites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Poiesz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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