{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:29:16Z","timestamp":1790688556815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lassa fever (LF) is a rodent-borne disease that threatens human health in the sub-region of West Africa where the zoonotic host of Lassa virus (LASV) is predominant. Currently, treatment options for LF are limited and since no preventive vaccine is approved for its infectivity, there is a high mortality rate in endemic areas. This narrative review explores the transmission, pathogenicity of LASV, advances, and challenges of different treatment options. Our findings indicate that genetic diversity among the different strains of LASV and their ability to circumvent the immune system poses a critical challenge to the development of LASV vaccines\/therapeutics. Thus, understanding the biochemistry, physiology and genetic polymorphism of LASV, mechanism of evading host immunity are essential for development of effective LASV vaccines\/therapeutics to combat this lethal viral disease. The LASV nucleoprotein (NP) is a novel target for therapeutics as it functions significantly in several aspects of the viral life cycle. Consequently, LASV NP inhibitors could be employed as effective therapeutics as they will potentially inhibit LASV replication. Effective preventive control measures, vaccine development, target validation, and repurposing of existing drugs, such as ribavirin, using activity or in silico-based and computational bioinformatics, would aid in the development of novel drugs for LF management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T01:42:44Z","timestamp":1672796564000},"page":"146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Combating Lassa Fever in West African Sub-Region: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chinyere","family":"Aloke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki PMB 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1404-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nwogo Ajuka","family":"Obasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki PMB 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7805-9027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick Maduabuchi","family":"Aja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki PMB 053, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Bushenyi, Ishaka P.O. Box 71, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2201-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinedum Uche","family":"Emelike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki PMB 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-5471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinedu Ogbonnia","family":"Egwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki PMB 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olamide","family":"Jeje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuks Oswald","family":"Edeogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki PMB 053, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7522-5349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olalekan Olugbenga","family":"Onisuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obasi Uche","family":"Orji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki PMB 053, Ebonyi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu","family":"Achilonu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.hv\/2020\/7.6.137.146","article-title":"Dynamic and Epidemiology of Lassa Fever Infection in West Africa\u2019s Population from 1969 to 2019","volume":"7","author":"Yessinou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hosts Viruses"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv047","article-title":"Mapping the zoonotic niche of Lassa fever in Africa","volume":"109","author":"Mylne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans. 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