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Although HAdV usually causes only minor illness in otherwise healthy patients, HAdV can cause significant morbidity and mortality in certain populations, such as the very young, very old, or immunocompromised individuals. During infection, the viral DNA undergoes dramatic changes in nucleoprotein structure that promote the rapid expression of viral genes, replication of the DNA, and generation of thousands of new infectious virions\u2014each process requiring a distinct complement of virus and host-encoded proteins. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the nucleoprotein structure of HAdV DNA during the various phases of infection, the cellular proteins implicated in mediating these changes, and the role of epigenetics in HAdV gene expression and replication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T03:36:05Z","timestamp":1672889765000},"page":"161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Human Adenovirus Gene Expression and Replication Is Regulated through Dynamic Changes in Nucleoprotein Structure throughout Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4329-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan R.","family":"Jennings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J.","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benk\u0151, M., Aoki, K., Arnberg, N., Davison, A.J., Echavarr\u00eda, M., Hess, M., Jones, M.S., Kaj\u00e1n, G.L., Kajon, A.E., and Mittal, S.K. 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