{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:46:50Z","timestamp":1760147210121,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Exploration Grant from the Boehringer-Ingelheim Foundation","award":["202106300006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202106300006"]}]},{"name":"China Petroleum Central Hospital","award":["202106300006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202106300006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council (CSC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202106300006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202106300006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foamy viruses (FVs) are naturally found in many different animals and also in primates with the notable exception of humans, but zoonotic infections are common. In several species, two different envelope (env) gene sequence clades or genotypes exist. We constructed a simian FV (SFV) clone containing a reporter gene cassette. In this background, we compared the env genes of the SFVmmu-DPZ9524 (genotype 1) and of the SFVmmu_R289hybAGM (genotype 2) isolates. SFVmmu_R289hybAGM env-driven infection was largely resistant to neutralization by SFVmmu-DPZ9524-neutralizing sera. While SFVmmu_R289hybAGM env consistently effected higher infectivity and cell-cell fusion, we found no differences in the cell tropism conferred by either env across a range of different cells. Infection by both viruses was weakly and non-significantly enhanced by simultaneous knockout of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) 1, 2, and 3 in A549 cells, irrespective of prior interferon stimulation. Infection was modestly reduced by recombinant overexpression of IFITM3, suggesting that the SFV entry step might be weakly restricted by IFITM3 under some conditions. Overall, our results suggest that the different env gene clades in macaque foamy viruses induce genotype-specific neutralizing antibodies without exhibiting overt differences in cell tropism, but individual env genes may differ significantly with regard to fitness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T05:36:55Z","timestamp":1673933815000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of a Genotype 1 and a Genotype 2 Macaque Foamy Virus env Gene Indicates Distinct Infectivity and Cell-Cell Fusion but Similar Tropism and Restriction of Cell Entry by Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8654-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Fricke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group Herpesviruses, German Primate Center\u2014Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Schlagowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group Herpesviruses, German Primate Center\u2014Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanchuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group Herpesviruses, German Primate Center\u2014Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group Herpesviruses, German Primate Center\u2014Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Fiebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch Institute, Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections (STI) and HIV, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology, German Primate Center\u2014Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Ensser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4171-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group Herpesviruses, German Primate Center\u2014Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03341","article-title":"Ancient Co-Speciation of Simian Foamy Viruses and Primates","volume":"434","author":"Switzer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174149","article-title":"Macroevolution of Complex Retroviruses","volume":"325","author":"Katzourakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, G.-Z., and Worobey, M. 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