{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:21:23Z","timestamp":1788405683503,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCO-125276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCO-125276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HAL-157985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HAL-157985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["148491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148491"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CIHR","award":["TCO-125276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCO-125276"]}]},{"name":"CIHR","award":["HAL-157985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HAL-157985"]}]},{"name":"CIHR","award":["148491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148491"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network CTN 272","award":["TCO-125276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCO-125276"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network CTN 272","award":["HAL-157985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HAL-157985"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network CTN 272","award":["148491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148491"]}]},{"name":"Fonds de la Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9 (FRQ-S)","award":["TCO-125276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCO-125276"]}]},{"name":"Fonds de la Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9 (FRQ-S)","award":["HAL-157985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HAL-157985"]}]},{"name":"Fonds de la Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9 (FRQ-S)","award":["148491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148491"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection drives the expansion and differentiation of natural killer (NK) cells with adaptive-like features. We investigated whether age and time on antiretroviral therapy (ART) influenced adaptive NK cell frequency and functionality. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the frequency of adaptive and conventional NK cells in 229 CMV+ individuals of whom 170 were people living with HIV (PLWH). The frequency of these NK cell populations producing CD107a, CCL4, IFN-\u03b3 or TNF-\u03b1 was determined following a 6-h antibody dependent (AD) stimulation. Though ART duration and age were correlated, longer time on ART was associated with a reduced frequency of adaptive NK cells. In general, the frequency and functionality of NK cells following AD stimulation did not differ significantly between treated CMV+PLWH and CMV+HIV- persons, suggesting that HIV infection, per se, did not compromise AD NK cell function. AD activation of adaptive NK cells from CMV+PLWH induced lower frequencies of IFN-\u03b3 or TNF-\u03b1 secreting cells in older persons, when compared with younger persons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:53:18Z","timestamp":1674618798000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Frequency and Function of NKG2C+CD57+ Adaptive NK Cells in Cytomagalovirus Co-Infected People Living with HIV Decline with Duration of Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Khlood","family":"Alsulami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Glen Site, Bloc E, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM3.3238, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck P.","family":"Dupuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Glen Site, Bloc E, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM3.3238, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Glen Site, Bloc E, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM3.3238, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Messier-Peet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9897-7589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Routy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Glen Site, Bloc E, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM3.3238, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Guy","family":"Baril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique de M\u00e9decine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montreal, QC H2L 4E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Trottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique de M\u00e9decine Urbaine du Quartier Latin, Montreal, QC H2L 4E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5311-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole F.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Glen Site, Bloc E, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM3.3238, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60664-1","article-title":"Biology of natural killer cells","volume":"47","author":"Trinchieri","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv. 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